108 Names of Tulasi Devi:
Tulasi Astakam

Tulasi Maharani song tastefully done in English - YouTube
Tulasi Maharani song Acyutananda prabhu - YouTube

Tulasi kirtan song Acyutananda prabhu - YouTube

Tulasi Stuti by Ashit Desai - YouTube

Thulasi Stothram - Trivendrum sisters - YouTube

Tulasi Story, mantra and Tulasi Namashtakam - YouTube

Vrindadevi astakam - YouTube

How to perform Tulasi Arati - YouTube

Tulasi Arati & Kirtan to a huge Tulasi tree

Introduction to Tulasi Vivaha - YouTube
Tulasi Vivaha example - YouTube

More background on Tulasi - Thulasi - by D R Kumar Kumar

The Blessings of Srimati Tulasi Devi and the Saligram

Devotional Details
The Sacred Tree - Tulasi Devi - compiled by Srinandanandana dasa ACBSP (Stephen Knapp)
The story of Tulasi Devi in short
The story of Tulasi in full

Tulasi & Shaligram Jala daan
Tulasi Shaligram Vivaha
Marriage of Shalagrama and Tulasi written by Sri Padmanabha Gosai.
A Hindu perspective: Tulsi Vivaha or Marriage:
Simple Vivaha Prayog:

Quotes about Tulasi:
The Benefits of rendering service to Tulasi - from Hari Bhakti Vilas - Vaishnava smriti:
Blessings of the Shaligram from the story of Tulasi:

Offerings must have Tulasi - Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur - Gaudiya Bhasya

Salagram and Tulasi - Vaisnava Iconography in the Tamal Country  (R Champakalakshmi 1981.)
Sacred Trees

The Glories of Tulasi Devi from Padma Purana - compiled by Padmalochan dasa ACBSP

Taking Care of Tulasi Devi
I. Housing, Light, Temperature & Humidity
II. Soil & Drainage
III. Potting & Transplanting
IV. Water & Feeding
V. Manjaris, Flowers & Seeds
VI. Pruning
VII. Diseases

Caring for Tulasi Devi
Caring for Tulasi Devi
The Tulasi Handbook - text
Downloadable TIFF files from TH:

Please Don't Put Tulasi Outside

Read the Tulasi Handbook HERE
Download Tulasi Handbook TIFFs HERE FREE:  (624 KB )
View Text of Tulasi Handbook HERE:
View entire Tulasi Handbook - Including How to Start a Tulasi Seedling & How to Care for Tulasi in North America

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Sri Shaligram Tirtha Pradarshini - Articles library - Home page

15 Benefits of the Holy Basil (Tulsi)

Sri Sugunendra Tirtha Swamiji celebrated Uthaana Dwadasi at Phoenix. Pratha Sayam Ksheerabdhi Pooja and Tulasi pooja were performed.Sri Swamiji addressed the devotees and described the significance of Tulasi pooja.

http://f1.pg.photos.yahoo.com/ph/kvkumar678/lst2?.tok=bc9O9fSBL.EpR0Ea&.dir=/Uttaana+Dwaadashi-Tulasi+pooja..&.src=ph

108 Names of Srimati Tulasi Devi.

OM shrii tulasyai namaH |
OM nandinyai namaH |
OM devyai namaH |
OM shikhinyai namaH |
OM dhAriNyai namaH |
OM dhAtryai namaH |
OM sAvitryai namaH |
OM satyasandhAyai namaH |
OM kAlahAriNyai namaH |
OM gauryai namaH |
OM devagiitAyai namaH |
OM draviiyasyai namaH |
OM padminyai namaH |
OM siitAyai namaH |
OM rukmiNyai namaH |
OM priyabhuuShaNAyai namaH |
OM shreyasyai namaH |
OM shriimatyai namaH |
OM mAnyAyai namaH |
OM gauryai namaH |
OM gautamArchitAyai namaH |
OM tretAyai namaH |
OM tripathagAyai namaH |
OM tripAdAyai namaH |
OM traimuurtyai namaH |
OM jagatrayAyai namaH |
OM trAsinyai namaH |
OM gAtrAyai namaH |
OM gAtriyAyai namaH |
OM garbhavAriNyai namaH |
OM shobhanAyai namaH |
OM samAyai namaH |
OM dviradAyai namaH |
OM ArAdyai namaH |
OM yaGYavidyAyai namaH |
OM mahAvidyAyai namaH |
OM guhyavidyAyai namaH |
OM kAmAxyai namaH |
OM kulAyai namaH |
OM shriiyai namaH |
OM bhuumyai namaH |
OM bhavitryai namaH |
OM sAvitryai namaH |
OM saravedavidAmvarAyai namaH |
OM sha.nkhinyai namaH |
OM chakriNyai namaH |
OM chAriNyai namaH |
OM chapalexaNAyai namaH |
OM piitAmbarAyai namaH |
OM prota somAyai namaH |
OM saurasAyai namaH |
OM axiNyai namaH |
OM ambAyai namaH |
OM sarasvatyai namaH |
OM samshrayAyai namaH |
OM sarva devatyai namaH |
OM vishvAshrayAyai namaH |
OM sugandhinyai namaH |
OM suvAsanAyai namaH |
OM varadAyai namaH |
OM sushroNyai namaH |
OM chandrabhAgAyai namaH |
OM yamunaapriyAyai namaH |
OM kAveryai namaH |
OM maNikarNikAyai namaH |
OM archinyai namaH |
OM sthAyinyai namaH |
OM dAnapradAyai namaH |
OM dhanavatyai namaH |
OM sochyamAnasAyai namaH |
OM shuchinyai namaH |
OM shreyasyai namaH |
OM priitichintexaNyai namaH |
OM vibhuutyai namaH |
OM aakR^ityai namaH |
OM aavirbhuutyai namaH |
OM prabhAvinyai namaH |
OM gandhinyai namaH |
OM svarginyai namaH |
OM gadAyai namaH |
OM vedyAyai namaH |
OM prabhAyai namaH |
OM sArasyai namaH |
OM sarasivAsAyai namaH |
OM sarasvatyai namaH |
OM sharAvatyai namaH |
OM rasinyai namaH |
OM kALinyai namaH |
OM shreyovatyai namaH |
OM yAmAyai namaH |
OM brahmapriyAyai namaH |
OM shyAmasundarAyai namaH |
OM ratnaruupiNyai namaH |
OM shamanidhinyai namaH |
OM shatAnandAyai namaH |
OM shatadyutaye namaH |
OM shitikaNThAyai namaH |
OM prayAyai namaH |
OM dhAtryai namaH |
OM shrii vR^indAvanyai namaH |
OM kR^iShNAyai namaH |
OM bhaktavatsalAyai namaH |
OM gopikAkriiDAyai namaH |
OM harAyai namaH |
OM amR^itaruupiNyai namaH |
OM bhuumyai namaH |
OM shrii kR^iShNakAntAyai namaH |
OM shrii tulasyai namaH ||

Tulasi Astakam - Eight primary names of Tulasi

Vrindavani, vrinda, vishvapujita, pushpasara, nandini, Krishna-jivani, vishva-pavani, tulasi

VRINDAVANI – One who first manifested in Vrindavan.

VRINDA – The goddess of all plants and trees ( even if one Tulasi plant is present in a forest it can be called Vrindavana.)

VISHVAPUJITA – One whom the whole universe worships.

PUSHPASARA – The topmost of all flowers, without whom Krishna does not like to look upon other flowers.

NANDINI – Seeing whom gives unlimited bliss to the devotees.

KRISHNA-JIVANI – The life of Sri Krishna.

VISHVA-PAVANI – One who purifies the three worlds.

TULASI – One who has no comparison.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Sacred Basil, Holy Basil, Tulsi (Tulsi in Hindi), Tulasi devi (Tulasi and Surasah in Sanskrit),  Trittavu (Malayalam), Tulshi (Marathi) and Thulsi (Tamil & Telegu),.other commonly used names are Vishnu Priya, or Haripriya, dear to Vishnu, and Bhutagni, destroyer of demons. Her botanical name is Ocimum tenuiflorum syn. O. sanctum, Ocimum Basilicum Sanctum, are her names she is generally called, actually they are one and the same, and we have to believe that the confusions comes from using the common names verses the botanical name.

Ocimum is derived from the Greek word meaning "to smell", and so many of the basils do smell of aromas of cloves, cinnamon, anise, citrus, and camphor. Basilicum is the Latin translation of the Green word basilikon meaning king, or royalty. Srimati Tulasi Devi has her own distinct and special fragrance.

There are two main forms are generally recognized: Rama Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum = O. tenuiflorum) with stems and leaves of green colouration, Krishna Tulasi (Shyama Tulasi) (Ocimum sanctum = O. tenuiflorum) with stems and sometimes also leaves of purple, some call red or blackish.

Some devotees include a third variety of the green Rama Tulasi called Vana Tulasi (Ocimum gratissimum - Hindi janglitulsi - forest Tulasi), which is the unmodified from its wild form found growing all over India. If you have the fortune to go to Tirupati Tirumala you will notice they offer profuse amounts of the Tulasi daily in bunches.....................as do many other South Indian temples.
    However Deena Bandhu prabhu of Iskcon Vrindavan commented, "I'm sorry but I don't know much about it. There is some plant even at Vrinda Kunda that people refer to as van tulsi, but I have never seen anyone attach much importance or respect to it. The one we have seems to be some form of spearmint. In service of Srimati Vrinda Devi, Deena Bandhu dasa ACBSP" (1st July 2006)

Click to see varieties of common Basil (then you can clearly see the difference)

"Now I understand that the seedlings are coming out, so the whole spot if possible may be covered by some net because the seedling stage creepers being very delicate are sometimes eaten up by the sparrows, so we have to give a little protection from attack of the sparrows. All the devotees should pour water at least once in the morning before taking prasadam. The watering should not be very much large in quantity, but it should be poured just to keep the ground soft and moist. Sunlight also should be allowed. When the creepers are grown at least 7 inches high, then you can take them out from the planting soil and transplant them in a row in a different place. Then go on watering and they will grow like anything. I think this plant cannot grow in cold countries, but if the plants are dispatched from your place and if the devotees take care of the plant with a little care in a flower pot, then it may grow."

Srila Prabhupada Letter to Govinda, 04-07-70, Los Angeles

SECTIONS

I. Housing, Light, Temperature & Humidity

II. Soil & Drainage

III. Potting & Transplanting

IV. Water & Feeding

V. Manjaris, Flowers & Seeds

VI. Pruning

VII. Diseases

The most important and fundamental principle of Tulasi care is regular and perpetual care. She is a pure devotee, and Her requirements are few and simple. She simply requires Her own quarters with direct sunlight, where She can grow without disturbances and interruptions. She should be watered at approximately the same time and Her leaves should also be collected at a regular time. Mornings between 7:30 and 9:00 are the best for both purposes. The most essential ingredient is one individual devotee to take the responsibility of tending Her. This means that this devotee is conscious of Tulasi throughout the day-- checking that Her door is shut, that She has sufficient water, that Her fan is on, that Her leaves are being offered regularly and fresh. In this way She is nursed through the day and night. It is not so much time consuming-- but rather 1/2 hour to 40 minutes (depending on the number of Tulasis) in the morning and then utilizing the few spare moments throughout the day. If this is done regularly and in an orderly fashion She will bloom and flourish.
 

I. Housing, Light, Temperature and Humidity

Housing

If you are building a greenhouse, or something for shelves, plaster grating, which is a thick wire mesh, If supported with several wood braces, is first class. As you work, you wil1 see that wood shelves will warp and are hard to keep clean, while open spaced mesh allows the dirt and water to fall right through.

If Tulasi is housed in a greenhouse or enclosed protection, and you find it getting too hot inside, try a whitewash of lime and water on the roof. This inexpensive treatment will filter out much of the heat but leave the necessary rays. Be sure to rotate Her if She is in a window, so that She will grow symmetrically.

Light

It has been found that She pines for sun-- Tulasi grown indoors after 8 or 10 months do not fair as well as those given real sunlight. (Krishna says, "I am the light of the sun and the moon.") Greenhouse are not all that expensive to build. $60 (Keep in mind this was written in 1970) can build a really first-class house that can accommodate up to 60 2-foot Tulasis, and adaptations can always be made as to weather, climate, building materials on hand, and the number of Tulasi's involved. Porches, arbors, fire escapes, and roof tops can al1 be modified to fit the need.

If indoor lighting is unavoidable (actually some arrangement can always be made), then fluorescent tubes and fixtures (each holding at least 2 bulbs) can be suspended over and around Her. The lights must be special indoor full spectrum plant tubes, not your ordinary white fluorescent tube. The plant lights are effective only within a 6" radius, after which they drop to a potency of 0. Because of this, Tulasis that are grown indoors become "leggy", with long stems, thin stalks, only a few leaves, and a clump of leaves at the top, near the light. Because the lights have such a short range of feet, the leaves receive no real juice, and therefore fade and fall off. The result is a weak and top heavy Tulasi. To alleviate the situation, place one set of fixtures over Her (as close as possible as She will not be burnt unless actually touching for a period of time), and then bank two more fixtures, one on each side, giving you a total of 3 fixtures, totaling at least 6 tubes.

If done in this way, there will be a complete aura of light around Her. Foil can then be used to provide a hood, catching all the reflected light and focusing it on Her. Set the lights on some sort of pulley or adjustable chain affair, and in this way the lights can be raised as She grows. Please, no sun lamps.

Temperature

We learn in Krishna Book that at the time of death, the temperature in the body rises and then falls; the falling causes the total devastation of the life symptoms. Similarly, in the colder regions there is a large variance factor of temperature between night and day. Too much variation in this field will cause color disfigurations. Sometimes one whole branch will just wilt up and go limp while the remainder of Her transcendental form will remain fresh and green. This is caused by that one branch being too close to an outer wall of the house and thereby exposed to the cold, or being too close to the heater, or a pot that was watered late in the afternoon and the water in the soil froze, or not enough water and She dried out. There are so many options, so always be aware of changes in weather and try to retain a balance of water, light and heat.

Keep a thermometer in Her room, having it in the shade at the average level of the Tulasis on Their shelves. When She is first moved into a room or house, station several thermometers at different levels and angles, as heat will not be evenly distributed. (Some corners catch more sun, heat rises, air doesn't circulate regularly, there are so many variables-- so seek them out and rectify.

Humidity

Humidity refers to the amount of moisture in the air, and this will change with the weather. The process for maintaining a balance will depend on the number of Tulasis you have the benediction of tending. In Hawaii, where a greenhouse with gravel for a floor was used, all that was necessary was to run the hose on the rocks for a few minutes every morning and the problem is solved. In St. Louis, a strong table with 8" sides on it all the way around was lined with plastic and filled it with perlite. This is a very inexpensive sponge rock which absorbs and holds water. From the level of the rocks to the top or sides on the table was around 2" and across this were placed thick slats, placed 1" apart. On the slats, the Tulasi pots were set. Water was poured into the enclosed sponge rocks whenever necessary as the weather evaporated the water. This arrangement of having the Tulasis with air circulation under Their pots is first class for growth and allows the water to evaporate around Them for equal distribution. If you have only a few Tulasis, then simply take a large tub or pan, fill it with perlite rocks, place slats over the top, and place Her Divine Grace on the slats. Water pots simply left around the room or on top of a heater or radiator are ineffectual. If She is not getting enough moisture, the symptoms are that She wi11 become a little limp, and brown spots and smudges wi1l appear at the tip and along Her center veins in the leaves. One cure is to apply the above method and if that is already in practice, try this. Make a frame of coat hanger or other thick wire over Her pot and Blissful Self. Cover the frame with a tinted plastic bag. (No extra endeavor needed for tinting, simply purchase a brown or tan trash 1iner bag at the store. The reason for the tint is to filter out some of the harsh sun rays (if you don't, the enclosed heat will probably kill Her. Then place moist sponges inside the covered frame on the ground level and also at the top. The moisture will evaporate and add to the humidity. Leave Her in shaded light or only morning sun.
 

II. Soil and Drainage

The best soil is homemade, that is to say not some combination purchased in a store, but mixed by hand from local ingredients. The symptoms of good soil are a dark color and rich smell. (I am the original fragrance of the earth). The soil should hold its shape somewhat if pressed into a clod in the fist. Earth worms are another good sign. Obtain some cow manure and allow it to set for 2 weeks, so the nitrogen content can dissipate. Otherwise, it is so strong that it would burn the tender roots. Spread the manure out and water it thoroughly. Every few days turn it over so that the manure underneath the pile is exposed to the sun. (Krishna is like the sun, pure and antiseptic.) Better to buy already composted cow manure than to chance a bad root burn-- unless one is experienced at composting, etc. Earth worms can be purchased also, but worms are for gardens. When put in pots, they may damage roots. For your basic humus or plain old soil, find a garden that is producing profuse flowers and ask to borrow a quantity of soil. Add a little sand to improve the soil's draining. Never use salty sand, as salt kills plants. If using beach sand, wash it thoroughly before using. Also add a small quantity of vermiculite or perlite.
 

III. Potting and Transplanting

The following is a most successful and easy way for propagating seeds and transplanting seedlings:

Buy a "Jiffy Grower Seed Starter Kit" 98¢ (or similar brand) at a garden store. This kit consists of small peat-moss seed cups arranged like an egg-carton, with seedbed soil pre-mixed and sifted. (Make sure they contain no bone material.) Simply fill the cups with soil mix and moisten (according to package directions) and press the Tulasi seeds into the soil about 1/16" deep, about 6 seeds per cup. Keep in warm sunny room, avoiding temperature changes, out of strong drafts, and away from gas fumes. The alternative to buying this kit is to mix and sift 1 part compost, 1 part loam, and 2 parts clean river sand (unsalted): sift into seed flat or peat moss pots and water from beneath-- don't sprinkle them (washes seeds). This is actually more expensive, time-consuming, and not as successful as the Seed Starter Kit, however.

The first Tulasi sprouts should appear in 6 or 7 days, and will continue appearing for several weeks. Keep the plastic seed-germination bag from pressing down on the seedlings - prop it up inside with sticks if necessary. When the seedlings are 1/2'' tall, the seed cups can be separated and each transferred to a bigger pot. (It is expected that some of the cups will have sprouts sooner than others. Just take out the sprouted cups and leave the unsprouted cups undisturbed in the plastic tray and bag. Each week or so, add a little tepid water to the bottom of the plastic seed pan if necessary, in order to keep the remaining unsprouted cups moist.)

Buy a dozen 4" or 6" deep peat moss pots and some good planter soil-mix. (If you mix your own planter soil, use 2 parts sifted loam, 1 part clean river sand (unsalted) and 1 part sifted peat moss or leaf mold. Generally It should be slightly fertile, light with good drainage. There is no objection to mixing your own-- it's cheaper; but these peat moss pots are very nice as they give good ventilation, and simplify the eventual transplanting job. (1/16 part aged manure).

In late afternoon, in a wind protected spot (preferably just in the vicinity of the seed-kit so there'll be no temperature changes) sit down equipped with knife, a few handfuls of rocks, water bottle, lots of tepid water, peat moss pots and soil mix. The idea is to simply put the sprouted seed cups into deeper pots, for more root-growing room; plant the whole cup; just remove the bottom of the cup. Begin by lining the bottom of the 4" peat pots with rocks for drainage; wet the soil mix thoroughly and fill the peat pots, leaving a depression for the seed cup to enter. With knife, carefully remove bottom of peat moss seed cup. Set the whole seed cup down into the moist depression, pressing down firmly on all sides to eliminate air gaps, and water thoroughly making a moat around the planted cup, but avoid direct watering into the seedling cup. (Direct watering may disturb seeds that are still germinating on the surface of the seed cup.  Use a gentle squirt bottle and tepid (not cold or hot) water. Never hit the tiny seedlings directly with the water stream. (If by accident you do, pick them up and try to prop Her up with soil, very gently. A thoroughly rinsed dish detergent bottle (plastic) with a punctured top makes a good watering bottle, having a gentle stream. When finished, leave the pots in same vicinity as seed kit. Place the pots 2 or 3 inches apart on "oven racks" or the like, so that they get good air circulation and drainage from beneath, and sides. Allow light but no direct sun exposure.

In a few days, gradually introduce them to filtered sunlight (or only a few morning hours, 8:30-11:30), say under a tree outdoors, or under a lath-screen. (This is assuming the weather is nice and nights aren't severely cold.  Arrange the pots as above, on an oven rack, or on an old bed-spring, with one pot in each wire spiral (this also gives good insect protection). Shield them from sun and wind. Protection from wind may be afforded by attaching paraffin cloth, burlap, muslin, or plywood, to stakes, building a 4-sided box. Then fiberglass or aluminum window-screen can be tacked to the box edge, giving protection from sparrows, birds, and flying insects. (Flies are especially bad-- they lay eggs in the leaves. Protect with screen.)

Water the Tulasi seedlings thoroughly each morning before prasadam, using tepid water bottle. Keep a large pot of tepid water nearby for refilling the water bottle, as they should be kept nicely moist. If the seedlings start turning purplish or grayish, then they're getting too much sun and not enough water. If this happens keep them in shade for a few days till they recover, else they may wither and disappear.

Care for the seedlings regularly in the above manner, offering obeisances and circumambulating twice daily and in a few weeks they will develop 2 or  more sets of leaves. Then, if  you have pots bearing more than one seedling (and you probably will), you have to plan on separating them by transplanting each into a separate peat moss pot (4" to 6 deep). This separation transplanting is difficult but it is necessary. So prepare the required number of peat moss pots as described in paragraphs #3 and # 4, and in late afternoon equip yourself with peat pots, a knife, spade, rocks, soil mix, water bottle and lots of tepid water.  Important: The seedlings must be put one to a pot as soon as possible after they have 2 sets of leaves.   Before hand be sure to water the pots to be transplanted thoroughly.  This makes the soil stick more to the roots, protecting them while transplanting, the idea is to avoid breaking and losing the seedling's roots, to transplant as quickly as possible because even momentary root exposure to air and wind is damaging, and to keep as much moist soil as possible around the roots. After thorough watering, begin by cutting an inch or so deep into the peat pot, dividing it into two or more sections, depending on the number of seedlings. Start sections by cutting, then carefully pull the sections apart, trying to avoid root breakage and exposure as far as possible. Immediately plant the sections in the newly prepared peat pots, pressing down firmly and filling more with moist soil as needed, and water thoroughly several times. (Two devotees working together can do this part more quickly.  Press soil around the plants firmly to eliminate drying air pockets, and water  thoroughly several times. Full shade and increased watering should continue for 3 days, and longer if they wilt.  If you do it quickly and carefully, there will be little or no wilting or drying up.

Cover the screened bed with cloth to provide shade. After 3 days of shade and double watering, gradually introduce them to filtered sunlight and continue caring for them as in paragraphs 4 and 5. Continue this program for 2 or 3 weeks, until they have 3 or 4 sets of leaves. When more leaves have appeared, you may check periodically to see if any tiny white rootlets are coming through the bottoms of the pots. (One of the advantages of peat moss pots, aside from easy transplant, is that the roots never become cramped, thus dwarfing the plant. When the pot becomes too small, the roots start growing right through it.  When you begin to see the roots coming through the bottom, it's time to put the Tulasi plants in their permanent location, either in the garden or in a large pot.

Transplanting into Pots: It is advisable to put a few plants in pots for the winter, especially if you're located in a cold climate. Large 10-12" deep cement pots or redwood planters are porous and very sturdy; clay pots are porous but break easily; plastic pots are non-porous and not very good. Indoors in cold season with use of a grow-lamp you should be able to continue growing Tulasi plants year-round, so use durable and large pots. Cement and redwood pots usually have little "legs" beneath, for drainage and air circulation, which is very important. Soil Mix: Give Srimati Tulasi-devi a very nice planter soil-mix and She'll grow and flourish nicely. You can either buy a ready-mixed packaged planter soil, or mix your own. A good planter mix is 2 parts garden loam (more or less depending on whether soil is light or heavy in texture), 1 part compost, 1 part coarse sand (clean and unsalted), 1 part peat moss or leaf mold, and 1 part well-rotted dehydrated cow manure. (Cow manure must be dehydrated; fresh cow manure will burn roots, so  buy dehydrated manure in garden store, or carefully age it before using.) Drainage: Be sure the pot drains freely. Place a curved piece of crockery (broken clay pot) over the drainage hole, then line bottom of pot with 1 or 2 inches of coarse gravel, so that dirt will neither sift through holes nor clog them. Potting procedure: In late afternoon, prepare cement or redwood pot as above, and fill it with moist soil mix, leaving depression in center of pot. water Tulasi to be potted. Then with knife, carefully remove bottom of Tulasi 's peat moss pot, and set peat pot and Tulasi (together) down into the depression, pressing firmly so there will not by any air pockets. Leave about 1 inch of pot rim above dirt surf ace, for ease in watering water thoroughly by soaking pot in basin from below.  Care of Tulasi in Pots: The safest thing is to water thoroughly when necessary and allow plant to take up the moisture, or, water lightly each morning. This is dependent on climate, etc. Try not to over-water or under-water. Light: Tulasi likes full sun so give Her a sunny window. Or, if there's no sunshine, buy a plant lamp and grow Her year-round beneath it. But don't suddenly take Tulasi outside on a sunny day. The shock from the contrast would be very great and could have a damaging effect. Cleansing Her Leaves: House dust is another factor in indoor cultivation. Leaves covered with a film of dust cannot carry on transpiration in the normal manner. To keep them dust free, clean the leaves-- top and bottom-- with a damp cloth or sponge, twice a month. Do this very very gently especially in the beginning when plants are very delicate ~ Leaves should always be cleansed after the muddy job of transplanting. Never use soap or oil of any kind on the leaves, except as directed under "Diseases" section, and rinse off when you do.

To Prepare a bed for Tulasi outdoors, locate it in full sun, and construct a wind protection box and screen for keeping out unwanted birds and flying insects. Tulasi likes light, fertile, well-drained soil, slightly alkaline, and deeply cultivated. Find out what kind of soil you have, and add the required soil amendments. For example, if soil is too heavy, and clay-like, add leaf mold, compost, sand and sawdust. In any case, mix in good quantities of dehydrated cow manure, compost and leaf mold or peat moss, then cultivate thoroughly. Transplanting into the ground: In late afternoon, equipped with knife, spade, water, measuring stick,  dig 4-6" holes (the size of the peat pots ) spacing them 12" apart in rows 15-18" apart. Fill the holes with water and let drain somewhat. Then, one by one, carefully remove the peat pot's bottom, and set the whole pot and Tulasi down into the hole, pressing firmly and watering again and again. There should be no problem in this setting out, since you don't have to disturb the roots in any way. Keep Her in partial shade several days and gradually expose to full sun. Cultivate ground every week or so, keeping free from weeds. Water regularly each morning, and She'll grow like anything. Haribol!

Note: These peat pots are very advantageous for growing plants more quickly, with less transplant set-back, but great care must be taken in handling them as they break and tear very easily. If you always pick them up with both hands, there'll be little problem. If the bottom does fall out of one, however, do this: get a new peat pot and line the bottom with gravel fill it 2" or so with soil mix, and set the bottomless pot down into it, pressing firmly but carefully.

By transplanting Her there is always the danger of exposing Her roots to the air. This causes them to dry and wilt. The answer is to always keep sufficient dirt around the roots. They will form what is known as a root ball. Also there is one root, called the tap root which descends straight down from the stalk and is the longest and most important. If this root is broken there is a good chance the Tulasi will depart, so always be sure to dig down far enough. (That will usually be the same distance as the height of the tree from the soil.) It is best to transplant in the afternoon, after 4 p.m. or on a cloudy day that is not very hot. Never transplant in heat of day.

As She grows, Her roots will fill the pot, and at that point She will have to be transplanted again. This will be a perpetual duty, and as She grows you will have the blissful opportunity to move Her. The new pots should be 2 to 2 1\2 times the size of the root ball (cluster of roots). Take the chance to straighten Her if She is growing crooked, but be careful not to plant Her lower or higher than She was situated early as this will cause disease. Too high will mold Her stem, lower will cause Her to be unstable and to expose Her roots to rot and mold. No matter how careful you are, there's always some shock and transplant setback. Thus, why transplant repeatedly?? If you put the tiny 6" or 7" plant in a giant pot full of good soil, it may look funny for awhile, but

She'll appreciate the leg room and grow much more rapidly and be a healthier plant than if you repeatedly disturb her root systems by numerous periodic transplants. If you put Tulasi in too large a pot, Her roots will slow down their growth and root disease may set in. It is best to transplant gradually.

When plants are a little taller, for wind protection and to give them stability, drive a thin stake into the ground 1" or so beside stalk base, and loosely tie stalk to it with a to thin strip of soft cotton cloth (a strip at least 1" wide). Tie it loosely and in a place where it won't obstruct growth of new leaves. This gives the slender delicate stalk good support, even in wind, and makes for more rapid growth. In a few months, the stalk is no more soft and purple, but becomes hard and woody, like a little tree. Still if the area is windy, best to leave the support stake in permanently.
 

IV. Water and Feeding

Proper watering has to be adjusted according to weather, climate, size, soil and the particular nature of the individual Tulasi. (There is no mechanical arrangement, as She is a person). She would rather be just a little bit dry than too wet, but don't let Her soil become hard with a crust and have Her become limp. It is best to water in the morning-- around 8 or 9 o' clock-- as She uses the water for photosynthesis all day long. Her leaves should also be picked at this time as will be especially explained later.

Get a small tea pot, kettle, or anything clean with a spout, and use to water Her as it is easier to control the flow and also easier to maneuver. City water is full of chemicals, but if drawn in a bucket and let sit over night, the chemicals will evaporate out-- be sure the bucket is not a corrosive metal (no aluminum vessel should be used) as that would permeate the water. After the bucket has sat over night, aerate it by pouring it from one bucket to another, allowing it to free fall through the air for a distance. This process gets more of the chlorine out and also allows air into the water. If you can water her with filtered water, this is best.

By using the teapot method you can avoid the danger of over watering, exposing Her roots by washing soil away, and knocking branches trying to water Her. As was said earlier, the watering of Srimati Tulasi-devi is not a mechanical process and will come with practice. Feel the soil by pushing your finger in Her pot. Is She dried out? Then pour slowly, seeing how much She will absorb in just a few seconds. Never leave a puddle of water still above the soil, this means that She is saturated and can not accept more. Balance it so She is just dry on top by the next morning, not still soggy or so dry that She has drooped. If the sun is out, and it is going to be a hot day, She will need more water, and the converse is, if it is a cloudy day She will not need much. Afternoon sun is very intense and taxing, so always check Her again around 2-3 p.m. Every afternoon, spray Her off as explained in the "Diseases" section. At least once a week, water Her until the water drains out the bottom.

Over-watering causes diseases in the soil, mold, faded and curled leaves, rots the soil, and causes root diseases. A sign or over watering is when She turns a pale green and apparently perfectly healthy leaves drop. She will go limp, if under-watered.

She breathes through the soil and over the process of time the soil tends to become packed. This causes uneven water absorption and poor ventilation. The cure is to break up the soil with a fork or a spoon handle. Dig down about 1/2 inch, breaking up and turning over the soil in small clods. This can be done as needed in accordance with the rate it becomes packed. Be cautious of Her roots.

Feeding

There is really no need for artificial feedings. In fact, some foods (certain mixtures of 20-20-20) will actually build up toxins in Her soil and cause great damage. Stick with a little cow manure every 3 or 4 weeks, and once a month a feeding of iron. This, combined with the perpetual replanting in fresh soil, are enough to keep Her in fine health. Try a powdered iron solution:

1 teaspoon to 2 gallons water
1/4 cup every 2 weeks

Stay away from chemical fertilizers, as they build up toxins in the soil and slowly deplete it of certain elements. Use cow manure, and a good brand of organic compost is essential. The compost should be cultivated into the soil every few weeks, along with a little manure. Watch out for ground-up bone material in the compost though, which should always be avoided.

V. Manjaris, Flowers and Seeds

Srimati Tulasi-devi belongs to a rare plant family which has what is known as a perfect flower, that is to say, the flower contains both the male and female developments which allows Her to fertilize Herself. In other words, there is no such thing as a male Tulasi.

Tulasi's flowering stalks and clusters are the full blown expression of Her love for Krishna. They are white on Rama Tulasis and purple on the Krishna Tulasis. After the flowers have all bloomed and gone, the pods (each shaped like a little temple) nurture four small round seeds which turn a dark brown when fully matured. Manjaris are very intricate, and because of these fine and fragile features, they require much energy to develop. If your Tulasi is very young or sick, or recently received or repotted, She should not be allowed to develop manjaris-- only a few manjaris in proportion to Her health, size, and age. Better to let Her catch Her breath to bloom for another season, then to let Her attempt to maintain too many manjaris and be weakened and susceptible to diseases.

To gather Them, follow the same procedure as cited below in pruning, only in the case of manjari the buds immediately preceding the actual flowering top are almost always another pair of manjaris which, if left to develop, are a great drain on Her system. Clip below the second manjari buds, 1/16th" above the next developing set of buds. Not all of Her flowers will develop at once, so choose a time when the flowers are about half way up the stalk as that is when there are the most flowers.

Sunlight, and the correct amount of it to be exact, determines whether plants will flower or not. If your Tulasi isn't flowering, try to make some adjustment for more light. (She will flower under 14-16 hours of Gro-lux indoor lights.)

Seeds

Because of the variance factors of climate, age, and other conditions it is impossible to predict the times of Tulasi's flowering periods. We can identify the symptoms and results, however. Some Tulasi plants will produce seed pods one season that are shaped like a small temple, containing four little seeds; another season She produces smaller pods or fruits that also look like a temple, but contain no seeds. As will be explained later, it is not advisable to let Her go to seed unless She is several years old, and in the best of health. Even then, let only a few of the manjaris go to seed.

The process is to let the stalks stay on past the flower-seed pod stage. Watch as the pods drop the flowers and become firm and darker golden. When you look inside the pod and see that the four little seeds are a dark brown, then you know that it is time to pick the seeds. If you observe how She grows, you will see that at every intersection between a leaf and the main stem, there is a small bud developing. Follow the seed stalk down until the next pair of developing buds. The first set of leaves below the seed stalk and the buds sprouting from there are most always going to develop into another pair of manjaris, so rather than drain Her energy it is best to skip down one more joint to the next set of leaves and buds. Nip here, saying the mantra for picking leaves, chanting Hare Krishna, and using sharp surgical scissors. It is best to pick the flowers when they bloom, because letting them go to seed does very much weaken the plant.

Once the seeds are gathered, let them dry a short week or so. Be very careful when handling the seed pods, even when they are on the mother plant, as they are arranged in such a way as to spring out of the pods when shaken. From that point, the seeds may be used to start new seedlings.

Seasonal seeding seems not to occur. Rather, Tulasi flowers constantly, perpetually -- all year round, and more intensely when there's lots of sunshine.

If you are letting Tulasi go to seed, be sure She is in fine health. Seeds may be obtained at the temple so the need is filled; but if you are still desirous of your own seeds, simply let the stalks stay on after the flowering stage. The pods will become firm and brown. Look up into the pod and when the four little seeds have turned dark brown, the seeds are ready. Simply nip the stalk as mentioned in the section above, being careful not to shake or jar the pod stalk, as that will send the seeds flying in every direction. Let the stalk dry out a little if the seeds are still a little bit green (better to wait and let them mature on the mother plant). For planting, follow the instructions under said section, being very sure to remove the seeds from the pod before planting as They will have trouble sprouting otherwise.

She has two or three flowering seasons (depending on weather and if She is in a greenhouse), the one which produces the best seeds is during the summer months of June, July and August. The other times, She develops shorter stalks with smaller flowers. These may or may not produce seeds; generally they make like a small fruit which dries up and produces no seeds. (Manjaris have a blissful aroma and if the flowering stalks are put into Krishna's water or some cooling drink, it gives it a most transcendental f1avor.)
 

VI. Pruning

In the matter of plucking Her tops, this should be done as a regular procedure-- not all at once, but gradually as She develops. The situation is, that as She grows She has a tendency to become top heavy, that is to say, a long stem that cannot support the leaf growth on top. The result is that She droops and bends. The remedy is to simply pluck the topmost developing bud, every time it has grown about 3 or 4 joints. If you observe carefully, you will see that whenever you nip the top bud, the next lower set of buds develops. The result is that Her upward surge is slowed down, and the energy used for growing up is re-channeled to developing the lower buds and strengthening Her stem. In this way She grows fuller and bushier. The procedure is simple: Take the scissors and see if you can nip the center of the very topmost bud cluster. Most of the time this little bud will snap right off, if done in the correct manner. If you have ever snapped wire-- the way to do it is bend the wire one way, and then bend it back the exact opposite way You don' t twist it or turn it. But bend all the way one way and then all the way back; the other way. Observe Her structure and try to understand how She is growing and which development follows which before you start to prune or nip Her. If you look closely you will see that the little buds are little leaves that haven't unfolded yet, like hands held together with palms touching as if in prayer. As they open, a new bud of unfolded leaves is revealed. If you trace down the unopened central bud you will see where the bud is connected to a little stem and where that little stem joins the next pair of buds. Nip right there; low enough to net the whole bud (if you only get part it causes pain and mutation and high enough to not mar the up and coming buds.

Always try the plucking method first as it is easiest and safest. Let the bud develop enough so that you can clearly: distinguish the various parts. Don't be in a hurry for doing it right is the important part. If you can't distinguish and time is of the essence as with a diseased Tulasi, go down to the first easily distinguishable intersection and nip Her there. Please try to avoid it for the more you cut off the greater the shock to Her system.

Beyond that, pruning is not to be done except in the most exceptional circumstances. Cutting a leaf or a flower stalk is usually not considered pruning, but is rather a necessary thing for gathering to offer to the Krsna. To pick off a manjari, seed pod,mosaic leaf or infected leaves is one thing, but one should be most hesitant to cut off branches, unless the need is dire. Pruning simply for aesthetics is out of the question.

The only times which necessitate cutting Her graceful limbs are for picking manjaris to keep Her from becoming too top heavy, and removing those parts too diseased to be saved. Please be gentle, never cut Her without serious contemplation and if at all possible, approach a devotee who has had some gardening experience with developed knowledge and sensitivity.

If you carefully observe Her Transcendental Form, you will see that where each leaf joins the main stem there is a bud developing. Look down Her stalk from where you desire to prune, checking at each leaf-- stem intersection for two healthy buds, one on each side of the stem. Cut about 1/8" to 1/16" above the joint, using a small pair of needle-nose scissors (small for maneuverability). Always be sure the scissors are sharp so that they disturb Her as little as possible. Keep them just like pujari paraphernalia-- only for Srimati Tulasi-devi's use.

On the last visit Srila Prabhupada made to New Nabadwip, the Tulasi plants on either side of the temple gateway had grown overly large -- about 7 feet tall and 4 or 5 feet in diameter. They had bushed out into the walkway, thus closing the entranceway except for about a foot and a half. The devotees had repeatedly tied them back, but still They closed in again so that a person had to turn sideways and move between them. As Prabhupada walked between Them, with only enough space for Him to pass, he was asked what could be done. He smiled and said, "You cannot cut them. Don't live, don't die." He laughed. He later send a letter from India saying that in this case, They could be trimmed back. Only then did the devotees do so, with reluctance.
 

VII. Diseases

Generally speaking, if She is receiving correct water and sufficient sunlight, in a pot of the correct size and with a suitable type of dirt, Tulasi will flourish. The only necessity is to be sure to protect Her from wandering insects. Flies are a botheration and must be avoided as they are very dirty. Best to use screens and always be sure to shut doors. A fan also helps to get rid of them if it has an outside sucking vent which will draw them out. Good air circulation also helps Tulasi to grow.

Always keep Her in an area that is screened and continually check the underside of Her leaves for insects. The primary concern in the United States is the ever-present spider mites, so that will be the main concern. Specifically, her most lethal attacker is red spider mites. These rascals live on the underside of Her leaves and lay their eggs in the dust next to the ribbing or veins of Her leaves. When the eggs hatch, the young mites suck Her juice. The beginning symptoms are pale and limp leaves with brown tips. The leaves become specked with small pale green dots and begin to curl in. As She becomes weaker and weaker, whole branches will just turn yellow, curl up and drop all their leaves. The stems become pinched and brown. If you observe very carefully, you will see small spiders, no bigger than the head of a pin, scurrying around on the underside of Her leaves and in the topmost clusters of branches and leaves. Hold Her at different angles in the light, and you will see fine spider webs crisscrossing the various branches. Finally, you will see small white eggs on the underside of Her leaves and the whole of Tulasi will be yellow and limp.

Fortunately, Tulasi can be saved from spider mites. There is a very simple process which, if used on a regular basis, will keep the spiders at a very minimal level. This will allow Srimati Tulasi to flourish and bloom. First, never use any sort of poison. Tulasi is meant for offering to Krishna, and how can She be offered if She is covered with some spray!. She is also contaminated by the use of systemic sprays, as they work their way through Her system and ultimately deposit their poison in Her leaves. Ladybugs are often offered as a solution, but they may be of little help.

The real cure for spider mites is the bathing process. Actually, the eggs of the spiders are stuck on by some sort of natural adhesive and will not be washed off. They hatch at their will, so regular bathing and periodic sprays with fresh water help keep the spiders and mites at bay. The needed paraphernalia for bathing is:

one large plastic bucket with a mouth 2 ft. across
1 bar of soap (Spiritual Sky herbal or non-scented is the best (be sure to use a very mild soap).
Use a vegetable soap rather than one containing animal products
honey
a hose with fresh water

Bathing is best done in the morning or on a cloudy day, as it is a taxing endeavor and the sun is an added strain. Water first, as this will help to keep the soil in the pot. First, dip the Tulasi in the soapy water, swish Her around carefully, then rinse off with fresh water. The soapy water coats the leaves and smothers the spiders. The clean rinse washes the soap off, along with the spiders and their webs. If done regularly twice a month, your Tulasis will survive nicely.

The water should be drawn the day before and handled just as written in the "Water and Feeding" section. This way it is not too cold for Her. Rub the bar of soap in the water until it turns a shadowy white, not solid white like milk, but more of a translucent white. If the soap is too concentrated it can do some damage. Add a 1/4 cup of honey to 6 gallons water as that will also help coat the leaves.

Cut pieces of cardboard to fit inside the various sizes of pots, to keep the dirt from sliding out into the water (or your whole Tulasi from falling out). Work in an area where there can be water spilled in large quantities, but work where you are protected from the wind, dogs, and other alien factors. Be sure that it is done in a reasonably warm place so She won't catch cold.

Get an assistant to help you hold Her pot, and using the cardboard to hold Her soil, tip Her up and submerge Her in the solution. Don't be timid, but do be gentle. It is either this, or the slow death by the spiders. Swish Her around softly, cautiously agitating the water by raising and lowering her in the bucket, like a pump swirl against Her. The whole time spent in the water, once submerged, should be no more than 5 seconds.

One danger point is when She is removed from the water. Just like after you wash something that absorbs water, Tulasi will have a greater weight due to the added water that has been suspended on Her leaves and branches. If you just pull Her right out, the added water will cause Her to droop over and be unable to support Herself. If you grab Her right out there is every possibility of breaking roots and also tearing branches. As you pull Her out, simultaneously grab hold of a strong part of Her stem towards the base, several inches above the ground. By holding on to the stem in this way, it gives added support to Her and also you can very gently shake off the excess water (Like the Boar incarnation, shaking off the water after saving the world from the filthy place.)

The next step is to hose Her off with fresh water. Wash the old soap off Her leaves and also finish off those spiders who were shaken loose by the bath but were not completely removed. By placing a finger over the nozzle you can make a jet-spray-- there must be force enough to knock the spiders off but not enough to tear or rip Her leaves. Be sure to get the underside of the leaves, as that is where the spiders hide out. The main concern here is the possibility of flooding Her pot with the excess water, so turn Her pot on one edge, tilted to one side, and in that way you have a clean shot at the underside, and the excess water just travels right on by. Also, you could cover her root ball and the earth at the top of the pot with a sphere of plastic or something like plastic wrap. Now very carefully shake off the water, and unfold Her leaves. Remove any of the old yellow leaves that may be caught in Her branches. Have a sacred throw away to take care of the unoffered leaves. You may have to prop up a branch or two for a day or so-- use a stick, being sure not to crush any buds or leaves. She maybe a bit limp (be very careful when you do this, have an assistant and think it out thoroughly before acting), but you will see Her perk up by morning. Over time, the water soaking into Her stems helps to generate healthy fibers for carrying fluid. During the summer months, spray Her with water twice a day, once in the morning around 10:00 and again the afternoon about 2:30. She loves it, as manifested by Her green effulgence.

If the plants are kept healthy and are regularly bathed, there should never be a need for insecticides. While sulfar is an organic control, and can be washed off before leaves are offered, you have to have very hot sunshine in order to activate its working. It is better to rely on bi-weekly baths with soap (every 14 days) and spraying Her off every other day.

In the event that Tulasi already has a serious spider mite infestation when you begin caring for her, a different plan may be needed. If the finely meshed webbing can be readily seen throughout her branches, you may have to remove the sick limb. In worst cases, it is better to remove the worst places and let Her concentrate on that which has potential to be saved. Once the leaves are yellow with browning tips and covered with the webs, there is little hope. Best to remove by following the tip down the stem to where She still remains healthy. Cut above a pair of healthy buds ( see section on collecting seeds). Contemplate the move first, and cut off as little as possible while still doing the job. It is better to just cut Her once than to do many small cuts. This may seem harsh, but having done the initial cutting (better to cut once than to let Her go the slow way with a blanket of spiders) the regular bathing and spraying keep Her in the peak of health. (Note: 'It is a great offense to cut Her lotus branches', replied Srila Prabhupada to Radhaballabha in a letter. He also spoke just prior to His leaving about this subject, saying:generally plants are pruned before winter but Tulasi-devi is not ordinary. Sachidevi.) Tulasis that have been tended in this way have made a comeback and are now serving their Lord nicely, so one must follow their heart, judge by the results, and take all circumstances into consideration.

Other Pests

If Tulasi's leaves become speckled with a brownish pattern it is called mosaic or tobacco worm. Sometimes it is caused by a fungus and the best method is to bathe Her and remove the contaminated leaves with sharp scissors. Another of the same type is called a mosaic worm, which tunnels in between Her two layers of skin in the leaf cells. They look just like they sound-- that is to say, the first sign is a white or tan line across the leaf which looks like someone dug a small tunnel. Just like a gopher, this little worm will weave all over Her leaf until it looks like a mosaic. They live on the inside of Her leaves, but one can't use insecticide to kill them. The easy and effective control is to simply nip the leaf containing the worm and be sure to remove it from the area. These worms do not spread at a rapid rate, so removing a few leaves should be all that is required(by Krsna's Grace). As a general rule, always separate the healthy from the sick, and keep it that way until the danger has sufficiently passed away.

Small white insects which look like tiny, white flies or moths, come when the air is stuffy and moist. Too much incense in an enclosed area which is damp will bring them. They are of no real danger, and will leave as soon as there is fresh air. Leaving Tulasi out at night, if steps are taken to protect Her, is first class, especially on moonlight nights. Always be sure She is protected by screens as summer brings out the bugs, and they are especially fond of Her.

Many abnormalities which appear to be symptoms of diseases may actually be caused by changes in Her natural conditions: too much water, too much sunlight, not enough fresh air, too much cold, etc. All these can cause discoloring and mutations.

Symptoms and Cures

Too much nitrogen in the soil will cause all of Tulasi's sap to leave Her leaves and stems, and concentrate in the roots. The result is that She will go limp and die. It is a gradual process occurring throughout the entire plant. (This will distinguish it from a virus which can hit just one branch and leave the rest of Her in tact.

Cure: Decrease watering, but don't starve Her. This will keep more of the nitrogen from being absorbed at such a rapid rate. When She appears stronger, then carefully transplant Her in to fresh (nitrogenless) soil. Cow manure is good to use - in fact, it is the safest of all possible plant foods. Is there any doubt as to why the cow is so worshipable?

Fungus come from tiny seeds (spores) in the air which grow on Her leaves or in the soil. Once inside Her system, they work like a cancer and spread throughout Her system. A whole branch can just wi1t up and be gone while the rest of Her stays in tact. Apparently healthy leaves drop off in large quantity or branches wilt and die.

Cure: Separate infected Tulasis immediately. Keep in dry place. Water as little as possible. Spray with the fungicide spray Benlate immediately. Do not offer the leaves for four weeks thereafter. She should be segregated as fungus will travel to the other Tulasis by contact. Be sure to keep all your utensils clean and wash your hands after touching the infected ones. The doctors say to give Her sunlight, and this is confirmed in Bhagavad-Gita, "The sun-god can be worshipped for improved health."

Nitrogen Burn: Too much nitrogen in the soil can also cause the tips of Her leaves to turn brown. Yellow will creep in from the side rims, and the whole leaf will fade.

Cure: Follow the same procedures as for too much nitrogen.

Adapted from several publications, including "The Tulasi Handbook", "Care and Feeding of Talasi", and "The Art of Caring for Srimati Tulasi Devi"

"Tulasi leaf is very, very dear to Visnu. All Visnu-tattva Deities require profusely Tulasi leaves. Lord Visnu likes garland of Tulasi leaves. Tulasi leaves mixed with sandalwood pulp and placed on the lotus feet of the Lord is the topmost worship. But we must be very careful that Tulasi leaves cannot be placed on the feet of anyone else than Lord Visnu and His different forms. Tulasi leaves cannot be placed even on the lotus feet of Radharani or on the lotus feet of the Spiritual Master. It is entirely reserved for being placed on the lotus feet of Krsna. We can place, however, Tulasi leaves in the hands of Radharani for being placed on the lotus feet of Krsna, as you have seen on the Govinda Album."

Srila Prabhupada Letter to Govinda, 04-07-70, Los Angeles
 

Lord Krsna's favorite plant is Tulasi. Tulasi garlands are made for Krsna, and His lotus feet are decorated with Tulasi leaves and manjaris (flower buds). The devotees wear Tulasi neck-beads and chant the Hare Krsna maha-mantra on Tulasi beads.

Tulasi plants and their leaves are very important in devotional service, and devotees are encouraged to care for and water the Tulasi tree every day, collecting the leaves for offering to the Lord. Tulasi leaves may be offered with each food preparation.

"The Lord does not care for a single one of fifty-six offerings or thirty-six curries offered without a Tulasi leaf. Lord Shiva, Subdeva, Narada Muni, Brahma, and all others are paying their respects unto thee. Candra Sekara (the author)' who is singing your glories, prays, "Please bestow Prema~bhakti unto me. My humble obeisances unto thee again and again."

Tulasi's leaves should be washed three times before offering, and should be kept in a bowl of fresh water inside a refrigerator. If They are not kept like this, They turn limp and pale. If They are kept in water, but not in a refrigerator, They will turn brown. Be sure to change the water in the bowl every day, and clean the sides of the bowl so no film will grow. (Proof that Mother Ganga is actually pure is that Ganga water will not become murky if kept contained.)

Estimate the required amount of leaves needed per day and try to pick about the same amount each day. In that way you will always have a supply, and Tulasi will feel the regularity. (Sometimes in the case of manjaris, there will be an extra amount of mercy.) Don' t pick Her leaves sporadically, but aim for the same time, same amount, every day. How many leaves may be safely picked depends on how healthy and bushy She is. If there are hundreds of leaves on Her, it won't hurt to take a few. If there are only 13 or 14 leaves, don' t take any at all unless they are about to drop off. It depends on the size and health of the plant. Use your discretion in the matter. Srila Prabhupada said that dried leaves are just as offerable as fresh green ones, and the dried leaves should be sent to centers having little or no Tulasi. Extra dried leaves, manjaris, etc., may be distributed as needed.
 

By offering Lord Krishna a single Tulasi leaf, one attains the result of offering Him every flower and leaf that exists. Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakur said, "Srimati Tulasi Maharani is our spiritual master. She is the queen of Sri Vrindavana Dhama. It is only by her mercy that one can be qualified to enter in Sri Vrindavana Dhama. We wear Tulasi Maharani around our neck, knowing that she is very dear to Lord Krishna. By our allegiance to her, we chant the name of Lord Hari."

Tulsi - Thulsi - Thulasi etc

by D R Kumar Kumar 07 July 2011

The Botanical name of Tulsi is Ocimum tenuiflorum (commonly known as Holy basil in English, Thiruthuzhai in Tamil and Tulasi or Tulsi in Sanskrit); this plant is a close cousin of the Thai Basil. It is a well known natural aromatic plant in the family of Lamiaceae. Apart from its culinary uses, for which it is known across the world, it is also used as a medicinal plant, and has an important role within many traditions of Srivaishnavites and also generally with every Hindu Household. Every Vishnu devotee performs worship using Tulasi leaves. Native to India, it is a short lived perennial herbal, grown at most Hindu homes. The foliage is green or purple, strongly scented. Leaves have petioles, and are ovate, up to 5cm long, usually somewhat toothed. Flowers are white, tinged purple, borne in racemes. There is also some confusion among the users, that Thai basil is mistakenly sold as Sacred basil. The fact is, the Sacred Holy basil – The Tulsi is little hairy wherein Thai Basil is smooth and hairless and slightly different in its color. Also, the Sacred or Holy basil has an aromatic scent and spicy flavour, which is not so with its cousin Thai Basil.

Thulsi or Tulsi, a common household name to millions of Indian & Hindus Thulsi (Tulsi) is the ultimate symbol of purity. The only one word, yes - Thulsi (Tulsi) is referred to, in all Indian languages, (Ocimum sp. or Ocimum Sanctum) known as Holy Basil. The only exception is in Tamil, {Though every Tamilian knows it as Thulsi (Tulsi)}. wherein Sri Andal refers to Thulsi or Tulsi as "Natrathuzhai" meaning as a scented beautiful smelly Holy Basil.! For all Srivaishnavas, Thulasi (Tulsi) is known as Thiruthuzhai. Every Hindu is well aware of this plant and knows its value too!

What Rg Veda, Charaka Samhita state about Holy or Sacred basil - Tulasi
Known as Tulasi (alternate spelling Tulsi) in India it is an important religious symbol in many Hindu traditions that link the plant with the Goddess figure described in the ancient scripts known as Purana. The name "Tulasi" in Sanskrit literally means "the incomparable one". The Tulasi plant is known in India is available and grown in two forms viz. dark Krishna or Shyama Tulsi and White or light green known as Rama Tulasi or White Tulsi. Though both the Tulsi plant possess a lot of medicinal value, the former has greater medicinal value and is commonly worshipped by Hindus.

In India, that is Bharat, from time immemorial, Tulasi has been known and worshiped and used as a prime herb in Indian Medicine known as Dhanvantri and Ayurvedic medicines. It is also used as home remedy for treating commonly known ailments and used mainly for its diverse healing properties. The Charaka Samhita - a nodal Ayurvedic script and The Rg-Veda, both mentions Tulsi as a life saving one herb which contains a kind of ‘elixer of life' and promotes longevity.

Quite apart from its medicinal values, in all the Sri Vaishnava & Sri Mahavishnu Temples, this Holy basil known as Thulsi (Tulsi) is given as prasadam to the devotees. For Lord Sri Lakshmi Nrusimha and Sri Hanuman, garlands made of Thulsi are offered.

In the ancient medical scripts, such as Padaartha Guna Chinthamani, Agasthiyar Kural. Dhanvantri, Sushrutha Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Ashtangahridya, etc., the medicinal values and qualities are mentioned. Even today, Thulsi (Tulsi) is used as a traditional medicine as an integral part of household medicine. Even to treat a new born child, they administer the essence of Thulsi (Tulsi) and this practice persists to this day in most Indian homes.

A number of passages in the ancient scripts known as Puranas and other Vedic scriptures, that state to the importance of tulsi within religious worship. Tulasi is regarded as Lakshmi (The Goddess of Wealth) - a consort of Sri Maha Vishnu. A garland of tulasi leaves is the first offering to the Lord, in many Srivaishnavite Temples, as part of the daily ritual. Tulsi is accorded the sixth place among the eight objects of worship in the ritual of the consecration of the Kumb or Kalasa, a copper vessel, the container of holy water.

According to one story, Tulasi was a servant (known as Gopi) who fell in love with Lord Sri Krishna and so had a curse laid on her by His consort Radha. She is very dear to Vishnu. Tulsi is also mentioned in the stories of Mira and Radha immortalised in Gita Govinda (by Shri Jayadeva). One story has it that when Krishna was weighed in gold, not even all the ornaments of His consort Sathyabhama could outweigh Him. But a single tulsi leaf placed on one side by his another consort Rukmini tilted the scale.

Tulsi is ceremonially married to Vishnu annually on the eleventh bright day of the month of Karthika in the Luni/Solar Calander. This festival continues for five days and concludes on the full moon day, which falls in mid-October. This ritual, called the "Tulsi Vivaha", inaugurates the annual marriage season in most parts of India.

In the Christians traditions, it is said that Tulsi grew around the place of Crucifixion.. Tulasi is also has a mention in the Shiite writings.

Tulsi/Thulasi (Thulsi) is the cure for cardiac disorders, diabetes, stress, Cholesterol control, smooth muscle relaxant, Anti-microbial agent, reduces primary urinary track infection. It is also believed that regular consumption of Tulsi leaves shorten the course of illness and also sharpens the memory. In addition, it also protects the surrounding from the hazardous Ultra-Violet rays. Researches has proved that the Thulsi Plant has the capacity to emit ozone along with oxygen thus reducing the air pollution.

Usage of Tulasi as an Ayurvedic medicine
Tulasi’s extracts are used in ayurvedic remedies for common colds, headaches, stomach disorders, inflammation, heart disease, various forms of poisoning, and malaria. Traditionally, tulasi is taken in many forms: as an herbal tea, dried powder, fresh leaf, or mixed with Honey or Ghee. Essential oil extracted from Karpoora Tulsi is mostly used for medicinal purposes and in herbal toiletry. For centuries, the dried leaves of Tulasi have been mixed with stored grains to repel insects.

Many research and studies suggest that Tulasi may be a COX-2 inhibitor, like many modern painkillers, due to its significant amount of eugenol (1 – hydroxygen, 2 – methoxy – 4 -allylbenzene) ene) Researches also give Tulsi to be effective for diabetes, by reducing blood glucose levels. The same study showed significant reduction in total cholesterol levels with Tulsi. Another study showed that Tulsi's beneficial effect on blood glucose levels is due to its antioxidant properties.

Tulasi also shows some promise for protection from radiation poisoning and cataracts. The use of Tulsi for purification and as a medicine is widespread household medicine throughout India. Many Hindus — along with the ancient tradition of Ayurveda — €” believe that the healing properties of sacred herbs such as Tulsi were given by the Lord Himself, and can be used as a medicine out of reverence.

The other Medicinal usages of Tulsi as home remedies are listed below:

Tulasi leaves contains 'adaptinogen' an anti stress agent and also used as mosquito repellant; its medicinal properties and uses are listed below:

Tulsi is used in treating common cold ,cough and sore throat including asthama,bronchitis and othe respiratory disorders.

It is an anti-malarial agent and extracts of tulasi leaves prove very effective in repelling malaria causing mosquito. Its known to be propylactic, prevents insect bites through its larvicidal properties.

Used for treating Kidney stones; the juice of Tulasi along with honey relieves pain and flushes stones via urinary tracts.

Proven to be an effective anti allergen

Can also be given to children while treating common colds & cough, used to treat skin, teeth and even eye disorders

An anti -infertile agent it is an effective medicine both for males and females suffering from infertility- thats why women are found encircling
it daily (?) If excessively taken, say around 20 leaves a day, regularly for 96 days, then the same becomes contraceptive, and chances of one getting conceived during these days are minimum.

It has anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti diabetic properties. That's why, most of the herbal healing powders are added with Tulsi.

Tulsi can help keep swine flu away: Ayurvedic experts.

Wonder herb Thulsi can not only keep the dreaded swine flu at bay but also help in fast recovery of an afflicted person, Ayurvedic practitioners claim.

"The anti-flu property of Tulasi has been discovered by medical experts across the world quite recently. Tulsi improves the body's overall defence mechanism including its ability to fight viral diseases. It was successfully used in combating Japanese Encephalitis and the same theory applies to swine flu," many herbal medicine practitioners believe.

Because of its immunizing properties, apart from acting as a preventive medicine in case of swine flu, Tulsi can help the patient recover faster.

"Even when a person has already contracted swine flu, Tulsi can help in speeding up the recovery process and also help in strengthening the immune system of the body," the herbal therapists claim.

According to Dr Bhupesh Patel, (a lecturer at Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar) is also of the view that Tulsi can play an important role in controlling swine flu. "Tulsi can control swine flu and it should be taken in fresh form. Juice or paste of at least 20-25 medium sized leaves should be consumed twice a day on an empty stomach." This increases the resistance of the body and, thereby, reduces the chances of inviting swine flu," believes Dr. Patel.

Thulsi or Tulsi just cannot be plucked simply from the plant. There is a specific slokha that is to be recited and only after offering the prayer one can take the leaves, and that too, one should not use his/her nails to cut the leaves. For the benefit of the readers, I give below the slokha in image format, in Sanskrit, Tamil and the rough phonetic English verse:

Thulasi amrudajanmaasi sadaa Dwam Kesavapriye |

Kesavaarththam lunaami Dwaam varadhaa bhava shobane ||

Thulasi Sthuthi:

Tulasi s(h)ree sakhi subE pApahAriNim puNyadhe
NamasthE nAradanuthE namO nArAyaNa priye

த�ளஸி ஸ�ரீஸகி ச�பே பாபஹாரிணிம� ப�ண�யதே
நமஸ�தே நாரதன�தே நமோ நாராயணப�ரியே

त�लसी श�रीसकि श�भॆ पापहारिणीम� प�ण�यते ।

नमस�तॆ नारन�डे नमॊ नारायणप�रियॆ ॥

Tulasi Vivaha or Marriage day of Tulasi:
A Tulasi plant decorated for worship, with fireworks display.

Followers of Hindu traditions often keep a Tulsi plant in front of their house. On a specific day each year known as 'Kartik Shukla Dwadashi' (usually or or about after a fortnight from Deepavali – Diwali) there is a tradition where Tulasi plants will be beautifully decorated with structures made of small banana trees, Mango leave bunches and flowers and then perform a Pooja - a form of worship is offered.

As with Deepavali known in Northern part of India as Diwali celebrations, there are usually clay lamps lit around the Tulasi plant and the house. In some parts of India people will have also have fireworks displays to mark the occasion. In northern India and in Gaudiya Vaishnava communities it is called the 'Tulsi vivah' or the wedding day of Tulasi with Lord Sri Krishna in his Sila form. There is another celebration called Tulsi Ekadashi where Tulasi is worshipped on the Ekadasi day.

Quotes from the Scripts that relates to Divine Tulasi :
"As by chanting the name of The Ganga (River Ganges), one becomes free from all kinds of worldly sins; if someone chants the name of Tulasi or chants the glories of Lord Sri Hari with devotion, he gets the same merit." – Quote from The Naradiya Purana.

"Just by touching Tulsidevi one's body becomes pure. By praying to her, all diseases practically become removed. If one waters her or makes her wet, the fear of Yama Dharma Raja (The death personified) is destroyed." – Tha Skanda Purana

"Tulasi is most beloved of Lord Krishna and thus her leaves and flowers are also most dear to Him." – Srilasri Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswathi Thakura.

"Tulasi leaf is very, very dear to Lord Sri Mahavishnu ( Vishnu Tulasi Priyaa) - Sri Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada.

“Tulasi Daivam Mahathmeeyamâ€? – Tulasi in Itself is God, and the values are innumerable by counts – St. Vyasa Maha Muni.

“Vishnu Tulasi Priya� - Krishna Yajur Veda

Tulasi as a deity:

Tulsi as worshiped in deity form. The presence of a Tulsi plant in a home is considered as presence of Goddess Lakshmi herself; it symbolizes the religious bent of a Hindu family. In a Srivaishnavite household, it is considered incomplete if it doesn't have a Tulasi plant. Many families have the Tulasi planted in a specially built structure, which has images of deities installed on all four sides, and an alcove for small earthen oil lamp. Some households can even have many plants and varities in their fore-house or at their verandah; affordable persons even cultivate it in their garden forming a "Tulsi-van" or "Tulsi-vrindavan" — a mini- basil garden.

Places that tend to inspire concentration and places ideal for worship, according to the Gandharva tantra, include "grounds overgrown with Tulsi plants". The Tulsi Manas Mandir at Varanasi is one such famous temple, where Tulasi is worshipped along with other devas (demi-gods/goddesses). Vaishnavites, or followers of Vishnu, revere the Tulasi leaf because it pleases Lord Sri Maha Vishnu the most and thus is as an inherent part of offerings of naivedyam and then offer these Tulsi to the devotees as Prasad. They also wear beaded necklaces made of Tulasi stems. The manufacture of these Tulasi necklaces is a cottage industry in places of pilgrimage spots and at most srivaishnav temple towns. The other names used by different sects of Srivaishnavas such as Gaudia, Chaitanya Sect are Vrindadevi, meaning 'the goddess of Brindavan aka Vrindavan. Only Sri Andal, the Tamil poet considered as one of the Azhwars stated in Her pasurams Tulsi as “Thiruthuzai�.

Among all articles which are offered to the Lord, tulasi is most highly praised.  Therefore one may perform perfect worship of the Lord by simply offering pure water and tulasi leaves (Raghunatha das Goswami, Advaita Acarya). According to the Garuda Purana, tulasi must always be offered on the naivedyam.     tulasi vina ya kriyate  na puja      snanam na tat  yat tulasivinakrtam     bhuktam na tat yat tulasi vinakrtam      pitam na tat yat tulasi vinakrtam

Puja, bathing and offering of food and drink performed without tulasi cannot be considered as puja, bathing and offering to the Lord. The Lord does not accept anything or drink anything that is without tulasi.                                Brhd Naradiya Purana

During the puja, one should offer tulasi leaves to the Lord's feet.  tulasi garlands may also be offered around his neck.  Some say that gandha, flowers and tulasi should be offered at least three times, washing the hands each time before offering.  The article is offered in the right hand, while the left hand touches the right arm.  Some say that offering eight lulasi leaves is best.

Plucking tulasi:  One should be clean before touching or plucking tulasi.      asnatva tulasim citva yah pujam kurute narah     so'paradhi bhaven nityam tat sarvam nisphalam bhavetOne who picks tulasi without having bathed and then performs worship is an offender, and all his activites becomes useless.                                Vayu Purana

Tulasi should not be plucked on dvadasi.       nacchindat tulasim vipra dvadasyam vaisnavah kvacit
The vaisnava should never pick tulasi on dvadasi tithi.                                 Visnu Dharmottara

One should pluck the leaves with the right hand, holding the branch in the left hand, being careful not to break the branches.     patranam cayane vipra bhagna sakha yada bhavet     tada hrdi vyatha visnor diyate tulasi pateh     karatala trayam dattva cinuyat tulasi dalam      yatha na kampate sakha tulasya divjasattama     If when picking tulasi leaves one breaks the branches, Visnu feels pain in his heart.  One should clap the hands three times before picking tulasi and pick in such a way that the branches do not shake.                         Visnu Smrti

One should say:tulasy amrta janmasi sada tva kesava priyakesavarthe vicinvami barada bhava sobhanetvad anga sambhavaih patraih pujayami yatha harim tatha kuru pavitrangi kalau mala vinasiniOh tulasi, born from the ocean of nectar, you are eternally the dearmost of Kesava. For his worship I now pluck you. Please bestow blessings on me. Oh tulasi, being pure in body and the destroyer of the sins of kali yuga, I will worship the Lord using leaves coming from your body.  You should make that worship successful.If tulasi is unavailable, one may touch tulasi wood to the Lord's body as an offering of tulasi.  If wood is unavailable one should chant the name of tulasi and perform the puja meditating on her presence.   (ie  etat tulasi patram sri krsnaya namah). If one offers tulasi to anyone other than Hari, that sin is equal killing a brahman or a cow, or having sex with ones guru's wife. Tulasi prasadam may be offered to the hand of sakti and jiva tattva, and unoffered tulasi may be offered to their hand for offering to Krsna.  If bhoga (not mahaprasadam) is offered to sakti or jiva tattvas as naivedyam, tulasi may be placed on the naivedyam, since, being  devotees of the Lord they always offer the naivedyam to Krsna before taking it themselves.Tulasi leaf is very, very dear to Visnu.  All Visnu tattva deities require profuse tulasi leaves.  Lord Visnu likes garlands of tulasi leaves.  Tulasi leaves mixed with sandalwood pulp and placed on the lotus feet of the Lord is the topmost worship.  But we must be very careful that tulasi leaves cannot be placed on the feet of anyone else except Lord Visnu and his different  forms. Tulasi leaves cannot be placed even on the lotus feet of Radharani or on the lotus feet of the spiritual master. It is entirely reserved for being placed on the lotus feet of Krsna.  We can place, however, tulasi leaves in the hands of Radharani for being placed on the lotus feet of Krsna.  On each bowl or plate there should be at least one leaf.                              letter from Srila Prabhupada April 7, 1970, Los Angeles

Glories of Tulasi:
Tulasi is glorified throughout the puranas and pancaratra. Visnu created tulasi at the time of the churning of the milky ocean for the spiritual upliftment of the souls in the material world.  Tulasi is considered to be more dear to the Lord than Laksmi, for, by performing extreme austerities and loving worship of the Lord with the aim of having the Lord as her husband, Visnu surrendered to her wish.There is no better recipient of charity than vipra, no better gift than giving of cows, no better tirtha than the ganga, and no better leaf than the tulasi leaf.  Whatever can be obtained by offering all types of flowers and leaves, may be attained by simply offering one leaf of tulasi,  Offering flowers of gold, jewels and pearls is not equal to offering tulasi.  By offering tulasi one is released from sins accumulated for one koti of lifetimes.  By offering tulasi to the head of the Lord all the unmentionable and undetected sins are destroyed.  By sprinkling the Lord's house with water using a tulasi leaf, one is freed from all great sins.  By offering tulasi one destroys enemies, increases wealth, and guarantees liberation from material birth.  One is certain to attain Vaikuntha.  The fragrance of tulasi leaves, the flower of the malati plant and the milk from a brown cow are the three items which most quickly satisfy Kesava.     dhatriphalani tulasi hy antakale bhaved yadi     mukhe caiva sirasya ange patakam nasti tasya vaiIf one has amalaki fruits or tulasi leaves in ones mouth or on ones head  or body when one dies, one is guaranteed not to suffer in hell.                             Brahma Purana

Caring for Tulasi:
No sprays can be used, not at all.  The best thing is to simply daily water tulasi devi and keep her clean.  Nothing else is required.                                      letter from Srila Prabhupada,                              July 26, l975, Los Angeles

Please take care of the tulasi plants in the following way. This is the best season for growing tulasi plants.  From 15 April to 15 June is the best season for growing this plant (this is obviously for the Northern Hemisphere!!!).  Now I understand that the seedlings are coming out, so the whole spot if possible may be covered by some net because the seedling stage creeepers, being very delicate, are sometimes eaten up by the sparrows, so we have to give a little protection from attack of the sparrows.  All the devotees should pour water at least once in the morning before taking prasadam.  The watering should not be very much large in quantity, but it should be poured just to keep the ground soft and moist.  Sunlight also should be allowed.  When the creepers are grown at least 7 inches high, then you can take them out from the planting soil and transplant them in a row in a different place.  Then go on watering and they will grow like anything.  I think this plant cannot grow in cold countries, but if the plants are dispatched from your place and if the devotees take care of the plant with a little care in a flower pot then it may grow.                             letter from Srila Prabhupada                          April 7, 1970,  Los Angeles

Should tulasi be given to families who visit the temples?  No, let them come and offer respects to tulasi devi instead.  If they still want to have tulasi devi you can give them seeds and let the guests grow the plants from seed.                                                            letter from Srila Prabhupada May 5, 1971, Bombay

Dhupa:
Fragrant smelling items should be offered.  Except for musk incense using animal products should not be offered. It should be offered in a holder, while ringing a bell.

Dipa:
Lamps, symbolizing energy, light and knowledge and enlightenment are a very important item of worship.     mantrahinam kriyahinam yat krtam pujanam hareh     sarvam sampurnatam eti krte nirajane sive

Though ones worship of the Lord may be devoid of proper mantras and proper procedures, it attains perfection on performing aratrika with lamps.                            Skanda Purana

Lamps are of two types:
............those which stand permanently to light the deity, and those which are offered to the deity in worship. The permanent lamps should never be extinguished and should always be supplied with plenty of oil or ghee. The lamp for offering should have uneven number of wicks.  The wicks should not die while the lamp is being offered.  Old wicks cannot be reoffered.     dattva dipo na hartavyas tena karmavijanata     nirvapanam ca dipasya himsanam ca vigarhitam     yah  kuryad dhimsanam tena karmana puspiteksanah     dipaharta bhaved andhah kano nirvana krd bhavet  After having offered a lamp to the deity one should not take it away, should not extinguish it, nor let it die from lack of ghee.  One who lets the ghee exhaust itself will be afflicted with eye disease, one who takes away a lamp will become blind and one who extinghuishes the lamp will become blind in one eye.                          Visnu Dharmottara

According to the shastra Visnu Yamala one should offer wicks seven or nine fingers long, made by twisting cotton around sticks of straw or wood.  This custom is followed in Radha Ramana temple.

Naivedyam Patra:
This may be gold, silver, copper, bell metal, earthen, plasa wood or lotus leaf.12 fingers diameter is minimum size, 24 is medium and 36 fingers is best size.

Naivedyam:
Articles such as fruits and sweets are offered after the first worship of the day. Rice and vegetables are usually offered are usually offered later in the day.  At that time the word anna is used instead of naivedyam in offering the items. After offering the food, drinking water should be offered.  It may be scented.In commenting on the sloka that states that one may offer what is liked by the local people or by oneself Sanatana Gowami states that this means that even though people  in general may not like, if oneself is fond of a certain item he may offer it.  But this refers to items which are approved by scripture, not items that are forbidden by scripture.    Thus if one is fond of something but it is forbidden by scripture, then he cannot offer this to the Lord.  The devotees of course have no inclination for those items which are forbidden in scripture. Forbidden foods: fish, meat, wine, onions, garlic, masur dhal, burned rice. radish, white eggplant, hemp, citron and saps from trees, buffalo and goat?milk products.     mahisam varjayen mahyam ksiram dadhi ghrtam yadi     Buffalo milk, buffalo yoghurt and buffalo ghee should not be offered to me.                              Varaha Purana     alabur vartulakara vartaki dugdha varnika     dugdhe ca lavanam dattva sadyo gomamsa bhaksanam

Round alabu, white eggplant and milk with salt in it should be rejected as if they  were cow meat.      yatra madyam tatha mamsam  tatha vrntaka mulake     nivedayen naiva tatra harer aikantiki ratih

Where liquor, meat, eggplant and radish are offered, loving devotion to the Lord does not reside.                               Yamala Vacanam

Vinegar is not good; it is tamasic, in the darkness, nasty food.                              letter from Srila Prabhupada, Mar.24, 1969

Ice cream purchased from the market may not be offered.                               letter from Srila Prabhupada Oct.21, 1968, Seattle

Frozen foods,...are not bad, but if they are twice?boiled, they should not be used.                                letter from Srila Prabhupada July 5, 1968, Los Angeles

Unpolished rice which looks like brown can be used.  We do not mind polished or unpolished but doublely?boiled  (siddha rice) must not be used.  Doublely boiled rice is considered impure. sunbaked rice (atapa) is all right.                              letter from Srila Prabhupada,                              Oct.17, 1967

Soya beans and lentils are unoffereable.         verbal instruction of  Srila Prabhupada to                               Srila Hrdayananda Goswami

Regarding purchasing things in the market, these items are considered as purified when we pay the price for them.  That is the general instruction, But when we know something is adulterated, we should avoid it.  ...Things that are suspicious  should be avoided.                           letter from Srila Prabhupada, Oct 21, l968

Offerable foods:  Vilva, amlaki, jujub, dates, coconut, jack fruit, grapes, tal fruit, lotus root, leaf vegetables, cow milk products, items made from grains, ghee and sugar.

Rice, barley, wheat sesame, mung, urad should be offered with ghee.  Rice without ghee is considered asuric. The Lord is pleased by items made of ghee sugar, yoghurt, chick peas, dhals, guda, honey, by soups, varieties of cakes, and items which can  be licked, chewed, sucked or drunk. They offered pungent preparations made with black pepper, sweet and sour preparations, ginger, salty preparations, limes, milk, youghurt, cheese,  two or four kinds of spinach, soup made with bitter melon, eggplant mixed with nimba flowers (bitter), and fried patola.         Chaitanya Charitamrta Antya v.3.p.261

Foodstuffs in the modes of goodness are wheat , rice, pulse (beans and peas), sugar, honey, butter and all milk preparations, vegetables, flowers, fruits, grains.  So these foods can be offered in any shape, but prepared in various ways by the intelligence of the devotees.                              letter from Srila Prabhupada  Nov.13, 1968, Los Angeles

If chocolate is not an intoxicant, it can be offered to the deities.                              letter from Srila Prabhupada, June 8, 1975 (GBC have now ordained that Chocalate may not be offered to the Deity form in Iskcon temples)

Sugar cane juice, yoghurt drinks, sweetened lemon water, water flavored with cinnimon, camphor or cardamom, fruit drinks of various scents and colors may be offered. Permissable foods which are considered delicacies by the local people or are preferred by ones family and oneself should be offered. Permissible foods which are without taste, untasty, inedible, impure for any reason, or eaten by insects, animals, or people should not be offered. If variety of items is unavailable, fruit alone is sufficient.  If fruit is unavailable edible herbs may be offered.  If herbs are unavailable, pure water may be offered, meditating upon the items. If water is unavailable the items should be offered in the mind.

Preparation:
Just as one must select pure, excellent  foods to offer to Krsna, so also one must prepare them purely.  Thus usually only a vaisnava is allowed in the kitchen:      avaisnavanam annam ca patitanam tathaiva ca     anarpitam tatha visnau sva mamsa sadrsam bhavet

Food (especially grains) which are cooked by non vaisnavas, by sinful people, or which has not been offered to Visnu, is the same as dog meat. Everything should be very respectfully and cleanly presented and prepared.  In Jagannatha Puri, the Lord eats 56 times.  So the Lord can eat as many times as you can offer.  But the only thing is, whatever is offered must be with respect and devotion.      (letter from Srila Prabhupada Montreal June 16, 1968 )

As far as possible we should not offer to the deity things which are prepared by non?devotees. We can accept from them raw fruits, grains or similar raw things. Cooking and preparing should be strictly limited to the initiated devotees.                        letter from Srila Prabhupada,                                   Oct.21, 1968, Seattle

As far as possible non?initiated devotees may not enter the kitchen or deity area.  They can help from outside.  Just take care of them so that they may become pure devotees.                         letter from Srila Prabhupada, April 4, 1971

Unless one is initiated he cannot cook.  One must be regular disciple then he can do deity worship.  There is no question of the outsiders cooking in the New Delhi temple.                         letter from Srila Prabhupada, Gopal Krsna das, July 11, 1976

In the kitchen you should always see that nothing is wasted. (letter from Srila Prabhupada,                         Upendra das, Nov.10, 1975)

If in the cooking process food falls on the floor, if it is raw and can be washed nicely, then it can be offered.  But if it is prepared and cannot be washed, then it is not to be offered, but can be eaten rather than be wasted. (letter from Srila Prabhupada, Dec.25, 1969).

Food which has been offered should never be put back into the refrigerator with unoffered foods, or brought back into the kitchen.  ...Refrigerator should always be very clean and pure.  ....If there is any food extra, that should be kept separately, not within the kitchen.... ...No one should wear shoes within the kitchen.  There is ample place to eat so why should one eat in the kitchen?  Kitchen should be considered as the Lord's room....  Smelling and tasting of foods being prepared for the Lord should never be done.  Talking within the kitchen should be only what is necessary for preparing the prasadam or about the Lord.  Dirty dishes should not be brought back into the kitchen but if there is no other place to wash them, then they should be put into the sink and washed immediately).  Hands should always be washed when preparing prasadam.  Nothing should be eaten before offering to the Lord.  In this way everything shall be prepared very cleanly and purely.What is the difficulty of enforcing these rules?  They are rules, and they are simple rules, and must be followed. One must be prepared to follow the rules for Krsna. Otherwise where is the proof that he loves Krsna. (letter from Srila Prabhupada                          June 16, 1968, Montreal)

It is advisable that food being offered to the Deity be covered when take from the kitchen to the deity room, In that way others may not see.  Those who are not accustomed to following the advanced regulative devotional principles may desire to eat the food and that is an offense.                                        (Chaitanya Charitamrta madhya ch. 4.p.63)

Method of Offering:
The principle behind service to Krsna is to approach through the spiritual master, for then there is no possibility of committing offense to Krsna.  For this reason worship of guru is performed before worshipping Krsna in daily puja.   The safest method of worship is to give everything to the spiritual master to offer on our behalf. Thus, in offering bhoga to the Lord  the simplest method is to offer it to the spiritual master and request him to offer it to the Lord.  Since one must approach Radha  and Krsna through Lord Caitanya, the offering may goes through Lord Caitanya to Radha and Krsna.

Simply by chanting the prayer to the spiritual master everything will be complete.                              (letter from Srila Prabhupada, May 1965 Berkeley)

The custom is to offer the foodstuff first to the spiritual master.  We cannot do anything directly.  The spiritual master accepts the offering on behalf of his disciple and offers the same to Krsna.  After Krsna's eating, the spiritual master eats it, and then the devotees take it as mahaprasad.  This is the system. Everything is offered to the spiritual master first, with the prayer "nama om visnupadaya...."  (letter from Srila Prabhupada, Jadurani, Feb.15, 1968)

You may say the prayer to the spiritual master three times,,, and also after offering to spiritual master, offer to Lord Caitanya by saying the prayer "namo maha vadanyaya..." three times and then offer to Krsna thrice (namo brahmanya devaya).(letter from Srila Prabhupada,                              Mar 22, 1968)

Whatever is offered to the deity actually goes through the spiritual master.  The spiritual master offers to Lord Caitanya, and Lord Caitanya offers it to Krsna.  Then Radha Krsna eat or Jagannatha eats, then Caitanya Mahaprabhu eats, then the spiritual master eats, and it becomes mahaprasadam.  So when you offer something, you think like that and chant the gayatri mantra and then everything is complete. At last, ring the bell, take out the plate and wipe the place where the plate was kept. (letter form Srila Prabhupada, New Vrndavana, June 16, 1969)

But as this leaves the worshiper without any engagement, the worshipper may also perform services after taking the mercy of his spiritual master, or having the spiritual master act through him, in the same manner that he performs the rest of the puja.  Just as one engages in waking, bathing, dressing, and putting the Lord to rest,  with personal meditation and service, for offering the Lord his meal, through the mercy of the spiritual master one can also perform services related to the offering of the food. Special attention is given to the offering of naivedyam. Just as the intake of food by the civilized human being is regulated by many scriptural rules, so extreme care is also taken in offering food to the Lord. Impurities may arise due to spirits in the atmosphere, faults in preparation, or impurities in the preparer. Being directly consumed by the Lord, before being offerd to the Lord it first requires extreme purification, protection, and spiritualization.    This is accomplished through mantra, mudra, meditation, proksana (sprinkling with water).  The naivedyam is then presented to the Lord in the standard way using mula mantra.It is also customary to call the Lord from his throne to the eating place, offering a seat and water for washing feet, hands and mouth (customary practice before eating).After the meal water is again offered for the Lord to wash hands and mouth.  Some devotees offer a cloth (hasta vastra) for drying the hands.Duration of Offering:Leave Krsna's plate for 15?20 minutes or more, not more than half an hour. (letter from Srila Prabhupada, Feb 25, 1968)

Frequency of Offerings:
Also describe deity worship wherein one should offer food to Krsna at least five times daily.                              (Chaitanya Charitamrta madhya v.9.p.279.)

Quantity:
You will take from the cooked foodstuffs in a plate just sufficient for one man's eating, and this prasadam should be offered to the deity, not the whole quantity.  the rest of the foostuffs may remain in the oven to keep it hot until the devotees accept and honor it.(letter from Srila Prabhupada, Kirtanananda, Feb.14, 1969)

Tambula:
After the meal usually tambula is offered to scent the Lord's mouth.The deity was first offered many varieties of food, then sweet scented drinking water in new pots,and then water for washing the mouth.  Finally pan mixed with a variety of spices was offered.  After the last offering of tambula  and pana, bhoga aratrika was performed.  Finally evryone offered various prayers and then obeisances. falling flat before the deity in full surrender.                                   (Chaitanya Charitamrta madhya Ch. 4. verse 64?66.)

Avarana Puja:
After worshipping the Lord one must worship his angas, upangas and his associates or avarana.  These associates surround the Lord in concentric circles according to rank and function.Bali Dan:After the Lord has been fed, his entourage must be fed with the Lord's remnants.  It is an offense not to respect the associates of the Lord by offering them the remnants of the Lord first.Additional upacaras:Besides the standard sixteen upacaras, in  temple worship usually  additional luxurious  items befitting a king are offered.  Cloth may be offered for the Lord to dry his hands, flowers may be offered to his feet, gandha and tilaka designs may be applied to his body, additional ornaments may be offered.  At this time the Lord is revealed to the public and camara, fans, umbrellas, canopies, shoes, flags and mirror may be offered to the accompaniment of singing and dancing. These items are called "raja upacara", standard insignia of a king:O King, Lord Bharata carried Lord Ramacandra's wooden shoes, Sugrive and Vibhisana carried a whisk and an excellent fan, Hanuman carried a white umbrella, Satrughna carried a bow and two quivers and Sitadevi carried a waterpot filled with water from holy places. Angada carried a sword and Jambavan, King of the Rksas, carried a golden shield.                              (SB 9.10.43.)

Even though the real item may be present, sometimes the worshipper offers small metal replicas of the item (camara, fan, umbrella, , flag etc) by showing them to the deity  in quick succession.  Aratrika may be offered.  The Lord is revealed to the public and camara, fans, whisks are offered.

Among all articles which are offered to the Lord, tulasi is most highly praised.  Therefore one may perform perfect worship of the Lord by simply offering pure water and tulasi leaves (Raghunatha das Goswami, Advaita Acarya). According to the Garuda Purana, tulasi must always be offered on the naivedyam.     tulasi vina ya kriyate  na puja      snanam na tat  yat tulasivinakrtam     bhuktam na tat yat tulasi vinakrtam      pitam na tat yat tulasi vinakrtamPuja, bathing and offering of food and drink performed without tulasi cannot be considered as puja, bathing and offering to the Lord. The Lord does not accept anything or drink anything that is without tulasi.                                Brhd Naradiya Purana

During the puja, one should offer tulasi leaves to the Lord's feet.  tulasi garlands may also be offered around his neck.  Some say that gandha, flowers and tulasi should be offered at least three times, washing the hands each time before offering.  The article is offered in the right hand, while the left hand touches the right arm.  Some say that offering eight lulasi leaves is best.

Plucking tulasi:
One should be clean before touching or plucking tulasi.      asnatva tulasim citva yah pujam kurute narah     so'paradhi bhaven nityam tat sarvam nisphalam bhavet

One who picks tulasi without having bathed and then performs worship is an offender, and all his activites becomes useless.                                Vayu Purana

Tulasi should not be plucked on dvadasi.       nacchindat tulasim vipra dvadasyam vaisnavah kvacit

The vaisnava should never pick tulasi on dvadasi tithi.                                 Visnu Dharmottara

One should pluck the leaves with the right hand, holding the branch in the left hand, being careful not to break the branches.     patranam cayane vipra bhagna sakha yada bhavet     tada hrdi vyatha visnor diyate tulasi pateh     karatala trayam dattva cinuyat tulasi dalam      yatha na kampate sakha tulasya divjasattama

If when picking tulasi leaves one breaks the branches, Visnu feels pain in his heart.

One should clap the hands three times before picking tulasi and pick in such a way that the branches do not shake.                         Visnu Smrti

One should say:
om tulasy amrta janmasi sada tva kesava priyakesavarthe vicinvami barada bhava sobhanetvad anga sambhavaih patraih pujayami yatha harim tatha kuru pavitrangi kalau mala vinasini

Oh tulasi, born from the ocean of nectar, you are eternally the dearmost of Kesava. For his worship I now pluck you. Please bestow blessings on me. Oh tulasi, being pure in body and the destroyer of the sins of kali yuga, I will worship the Lord using leaves coming from your body.

You should make that worship successful. If tulasi is unavailable, one may touch tulasi wood to the Lord's body as an offering of tulasi.  If wood is unavailable one should chant the name of tulasi and perform the puja meditating on her presence.   (ie  etat tulasi patram sri krsnaya namah). If one offers tulasi to anyone other than Hari, that sin is equal killing a brahman or a cow, or having sex with ones guru's wife.

Tulasi prasadam may be offered to the hand of sakti and jiva tattva, and unoffered tulasi may be offered to their hand for offeringth a variety of spices was offered.  After the last offering of tambula  and pana, bhoga aratrika was performed.  Finally evryone offered various prayers and then obeisances. falling flat before the deity in full surrender. (Chaitanya Charitamrta madhya Ch. 4. verse 64?66.)

Avarana Puja:
After worshipping the Lord one must worship his angas, upangas and his associates or avarana.  These associates surround the Lord in concentric circles according to rank and function.Bali Dan:After the Lord has been fed, his entourage must be fed with the Lord's remnants.  It is an offense not to respect the associates of the Lord by offering them the remnants of the Lord first.

Additional upacaras:
Besides the standard sixteen upacaras, in  temple worship usually  additional luxurious  items befitting a king are offered.  Cloth may be offered for the Lord to dry his hands, flowers may be offered to his feet, gandha and tilaka designs may be applied to his body, additional ornaments may be offered.  At this time the Lord is revealed to the public and camara, fans, umbrellas, canopies, shoes, flags and mirror may be offered to the accompaniment of singing and dancing. These items are called "raja upacara", standard insignia of a king:
 O King, Lord Bharata carried Lord Ramacandra's wooden shoes, Sugrive and Vibhisana carried a whisk and an excellent fan, Hanuman carried a white umbrella, Satrughna carried a bow and two quivers and Sitadevi carried a waterpot filled with water from holy places. Angada carried a sword and Jambavan, King of the Rksas, carried a golden shield.                              (SB 9.10.43.)

Even though the real item may be present, sometimes the worshipper offers small metal replicas of the item (camara, fan, umbrella, flag etc) by showing them to the deity  in quick succession.  Aratrika may be offered.

Quotes from Srila Prabhupada

"I am very glad to learn that Srimati Tulasi-devi has favored you so much. If you actually grow this Tulasi plant, and I am sure you will do it, then you must know it for certain that your devotion for Krishna is testified. I was very much anxious to introduce this worship of Tulasi plant amongst our society members, but it has not become successful till now, therefore, when I hear that you have got this opportunity, my pleasure does not have any bounds."

"Please take care of the Tulasi plants in the following way. This is the best season for growing Tulasi plants. From 15th April to 15th June is the best season for growing this plant. Now I understand that the seedlings are coming out ~ so the whole spot if possible may be covered by some net because the seedling stage creepers are sometimes eaten up by the sparrows. All the devotees should pour water at least once in the morning before taking prasadam. The watering should not be very much large in quantity, but it should be poured just to keep the ground soft and moist. Sunlight also should be allowed. When the creepers are grown at last 7 inches high, then you can take them out from the planting soil and transplant them in a row in a different place . Then go on watering and they will grow like anything. I think this plant cannot grow in cold countries, but if the planets are dispatched from your place and if the devotees take care of the plant with a little care in a flower pot, then it may grow." /Note: Tulasi leaves must be offered to Lord_ Vishnu or Lord Krishna, Lord Narayana, Caitanya (Vishnu-tattva only)/

"Tulasi leaf is very, very dear to Vishnu. All Vishnu-tattva Deities require profusely Tulasi leaves. Lord Vishnu likes garland of Tulasi leaves. Tulasi leaves mixed with sandalwood pulp and placed on the lotus feet of the Lord is the topmost worship. But we must be very careful that Tulasi leaves cannot be placed on the feet of anyone else than Lord Vishnu and His different forms . Tulasi leaves cannot be placed even on the lotus feet of Radharani or on the lotus feet of the Spiritual Master. It is entirely reserved for being placed on the lotus feet of Krishna. we can place, however, Tulasi leaves in the hands of Radharani for being placed on the lotus feet of Krishna, as you have seen on the Govinda Album .

" I am giving you herewith the mantras f or Tulasi-devi as follows-"
The Tulasi Arati Prayers

Srila Prabhupada gave his disciples the following prayers for worshiping Tulasi Devi.

Sri Tulasi Pranama
(Recite when bowing to Tulast.)

vrndayai tulasi-devyai
prlyayai kesavasya ca
krsna-bhakti-prade devi
satyavatyai namo namah

"I offer my repeated obeisances unto Vrnda, Srimati Tulasi Devi, who is very dear to Lord Kesava [Krsna]. O goddess, you bestow devotional service to Lord Krsna and possess the highest truth."

Sri Tulasi Kirtana

(Sing during the arati. This song is in Bengali.)

namo namah tulasi krsna-preyasi
radha-krsna-seva pabo ei abhilasi

je tomara sarana toy, tara vancha purna hoy
krpa kori'koro tare brndavana-basi

mor ei abhilas, bilas kunje dio vas
nayane heribo sada jugala-rupa-rasi

ei nivedana dharo, sakhir anugata koro
seva-adhikara diye koro nija dasi

dina krsna-dase koy, ei jena mora hoy
sri-radha-govinda-preme sada jena bhasi

"O Tulasi, beloved of Krsna, I bow before you again and again. My desire is to obtain the service of Sri Sri Radha- Krsna.

"Whoever takes shelter of you has his wishes fulfilled. Bestowing your mercy on him, you make him a resident of Vrndavana.

"My desire is that you will also grant me a residence in the pleasure groves of Sri Vrndavana-dhama. Thus, within my vision I will always behold the beautiful pastimes of Radha and Krsna.

`'I beg you to make me a follower of the cowherd damsels of Vraja. Please give me the privilege of devotional service and make me your own maidservant.

"This very fallen and lowly servant of Krsna prays, 'May I always swim in the love of Sri Sri Radha and Govinda.' "

Sri Tulasi Pradaksina Mantra
(Sing while circumambulating Tulasi.)
 

yani kani ca papani brahma-hatyadikani ca tani tani pranasyanti pradaksinah pade pade

When picking Tulasi leaves, chant the following mantra:
 
 

`'By the circumambulation of Srimati Tulasi Devi all the sins one may have committed are destroyed at every step, even the sin of killing a brahmana."

tulasy amrta janmasi
sada tvram kesava-priya
kesavartham cinomi tvam
varada bhava sobhane

Lord does not care for a single one of fifty-six offerings or thirty-six curries offered without a Tulasi leaf. Lord Shiva, Subdeva, Narada Muni, Brahma, and all others are paying their respects unto thee. Candra Sekara (the author)' who is singing your glories, prays, "Please bestow Prema~bhakti unto me. My humble obeisances unto thee again and again."

All kinds of sinful people, even a murderer of a brahmana can become pure by circumambulating Sri Tulasi, step by step.

The most important and fundamental principle of Tulasi care is regular and perpetual care. She is a pure devotee, and Her requirements are few and simple. She simply requires Her own quarters with direct sunlight, where She can grow without disturbances and interruptions. She should be watered at approximately the same time and Her leaves should also be collected at a regular time. Mornings between 7:30 and 9:00 are the best for both purposes. The most essential ingredient is one individual devotee to take the responsibility of tending Her. This means that this devotee is conscious of Tulasi throughout the day-- checking that Her door is shut, that She has sufficient water, that Her fan is on, that Her leaves are being offered regularly and fresh. In this way She is nursed through the day and night. It is not so much time consuming-- but rather 1/2 hour to 40 minutes (depending on the number of Tulasis) in the morning and then utilizing the few spare moments throughout the day. If this is done regularly and in an orderly fashion She will bloom and flourish. .

Housing-- It has been found that She pines for sun-- Tulasi grown indoors after 8 or 10 months do not fair as well as those given real sunlight. (Krishna says, "I am the light of the sun and the moon.") Greenhouse are not all that expensive to build. $60 (Keep in mind this was written in 1970) can build a really first-class house that can accommodate up to 60 2-foot Tulasis, and adaptations can always be made as to weather, climate, building materials on hand, and the number of Tulasi's involved.  Porches, arbors, fire escapes, and roof tops can al1 be modified to fit the need.

If indoor lighting is unavoidable (actually some arrangement can always be made), then fluorescent tubes and fixtures (each holding at least 2 bulbs) can be suspended over and around Her.
The lights must be special indoor full spectrum plant tubes, not your ordinary white fluorescent tube. The plant lights are effective only within a 6" radius, after which they drop to a potency of 0. Because of this, Tulasi s grown indoors become "leggy, " that is to say, long stems with thin stalks and only a few leaves, and a clump of leaves at the top, near the light. Because the lights have such a short range of feet, the leaves receive no real juice, and therefore fade and fall off. The result is a weak and top heavy Tulasi. To alleviate the situation, place one set of fixtures over Her (as close as possible as She will not be burnt unless actually touching for a period of time), and then bank two more fixtures, one on each side, giving you a total of 3 fixtures, totaling at least  6 tubes

If done in this way, there will be a complete aura of light around Her. Foil can then be used to provide a hood, catching all the reflected light and focusing it on Her. Set the lights on some sort of pulley or adjustable chain affair, and in this way the lights can be raised as She grows. Please, no sun lamps.

Water-- Proper watering has to be adjusted according to weather, climate, size, soil and the particular nature of the individual Tulasi. (There is no mechanical arrangement as She is a person). She would rather be just a little bit dry than too wet, but don' t let Her soil become hard with a crust and have Her become limp. It is best to water in the morning-- around 8 or 9 o' clock-- as She uses the water for photosynthesis all day long. Her leaves should also be picked at this time as will be especially explained later.

Get a small tea pot, kettle, or anything clean with a spout, and use to water Her as it is easier to control the flow and also easier to maneuver. City water is full of chemicals, but if drawn in a bucket and let sit over night, the chemicals will evaporate out-- be sure the bucket is not a corrosive metal (no aluminum vessel should be used) as that would permeate the water. After the bucket has sat over night, aerate it, which is to say-pour it from one bucket to another allowing it to free fall through the air for a distance. This process gets more of the chlorine out and also allows air into the water. Taste the water the evening before and in the morning after and you will be convinced.  If you can water her with filtered water this is best.

By using the teapot method you can avoid the danger of over watering, exposing Her roots by washing soil away, and knocking branches trying to water Her. As was said earlier, the watering of Srimati Tulasi-devi is not a mechanical process and will come with practice. Feel the soil by pushing your finger in Her pot. Is She dried out? Then pour slowly, seeing how must She will absorb in just a few seconds. Never leave a puddle of water still above the soil, this means that She is saturated and can not accept more. Balance it so She is just dry on top by the next morning, not still soggy or so dry that She has drooped. If the sun is out, and it is going to be a hot day, She will need more water, and the converse is, if it is a cloudy day She will not need much. Afternoon sun is very intense and taxing, so always check Her again around 2-3 p.m. Every afternoon we spray Her off as explained in the diseases section. At least once a week water Her until the water drains out the bottom.

Over-watering causes diseases in the soil, mold, faded and curled leaves, rots the soil, and causes root diseases. A sign or over watering is when She turns a pale green and apparently perfectly healthy leaves drop. She will go limp, if under watered.

She breathes through the soil and over the process of time the soil tends to become packed. This causes uneven water absorption and poor ventilation. The cure is to break up the soil with a fork or a spoon handle. Dig down about 1/2 of an Inch, breaking up and turning over the soil in small clods. This can be done as needed in accordance with the rate it becomes packed. Be cautious of Her roots.

Soil Combinations-- The best soil is homemade, that is to say not some combination purchased in a store but mixed from local ingredients. A symptom of good soil is dark color, another is rich smell. (I am the original fragrance of the earth). It should hold its shape somewhat if pressed into a clod in the fist. Earth worms are another good sign. Obtain some cow manure and allow it to set for 2 weeks, the reason being that it is very strong when fresh. The nitrogen content is so strong that it would burn the tender roots, so best to let it age. Spread it out and water thoroughly. Every few days turn it over so that the manure underneath the pile is exposed to the sun. Better to buy already composted cow manure than to chance a bad root burn-- unless one is experienced at composting, etc. Earth worms can be purchased also. (Krishna is like the sun, pure and antiseptic.) Earth worms are for gardens; when put in pots they may damage roots. For your basic humus or plain old soil, find a garden that is producing profuse flowers and ask to borrow a quantity of soil. A little sand (never salty sand; salt kills plants, practically of any kind; wash the sand if beach sand/ thoroughly before using') should be added and also a small quantity of vermiculite, or perlite.

Potting-- Most of this is elaborately explained by Govinda dasi in the preceding pages, so the remains are just a few notes. By transplanting Her there is always the danger of exposing Her roots to the air. This causes them to dry and wilt. The answer is to always keep sufficient dirt around the roots. They will form what is known as a root ball. Also there is one root, called the tap root which descends straight down from the stalk and is the longest and most important. If this root is broken there is a good chance the Tulasi will depart, so always be sure to dig down far enough. (That will usually be the same distance as the height of the tree from the soil.) It is best to transplant in the afternoon, after 4 p.m. or on a cloudy day that is not very hot. Never transplant in heat of day.

As She grows, Her roots will fill the pot, and at that point She will have to be transplanted again. This will be a perpetual duty, and as She grows you will have the blissful opportunity to move Her. The new pots should be 2 to 2 1\2 times the size of the root ball (cluster of roots). Take the chance to straighten Her if She is growing crooked, but be careful not to plant Her lower or higher than She was situated early as this will cause disease. Too high will mold Her stem, lower will cause Her to be unstable and to expose Her roots to rot and mold. No matter how careful you are, there's always some shock and transplant setback. Thus, why transplant repeatedly?? If you put the tiny 6" or 7" plant in a giant pot full of good soil, it may look funny for awhile, but

She'll appreciate the leg room and grow much more rapidly and be a healthier plant than if you repeatedly disturb her root systems by numerous periodic transplants. (Note: From experience I found that if you put Tulasi in too large a pot, Her roots will slot down their growth and root disease may set in. I've been told by several botanists that it is best to transplant gradually. New Orleans had this problem with Tulasi also.)

Feeding-- There is really no need for artificial feedings, in fact some foods (certain mixtures of 20-20-20) will actually build up toxin in Her soil and cause great damage. Stick with a little cow manure every 3 or 4 weeks, and once a month feeding of iron. This combined with the perpetual replanting in fresh soil are enough to keep Her in fine health. Try a powdered iron solution; ours is 1 tsp.--2 gallons water; 1/4 cup--1 every 2 weeks. Stay away from chemical fertilizers. They do build up toxins in the soil, and make it sterile of certain elements eventually . Use cow manure, and a good brand of organic compost is essential ~ . The compost should be cultivated into the soil every few weeks, along with a little manure. Watch out for bone material in the compost though (some brands have ground-up animal bones).

Seeds-- Tulasi has at least two flowering periods. Because of the variance factors of climate, age, and other conditions it is impossible to predict the times, but I can relate the symptoms and results. Some will produce seed pods, shaped like a small temple and containing four little seeds and the other season produces smaller pods or fruits that also look like a temple but contain no seeds. As will be explained later, it is not advisable to let Her go to seed unless She is several years old, and in best of health. Even then, let only a few of the manjaris go to seed. If you contact me, I will be more than happy to supply you with seeds, both Krishna and Rama Tulasis.

The process is to let the stalks stay on past the f lower-seed pod stage . Watch as the pods drop the f lowers and become firm and darker golden. When you look inside the pod and see that the four little seeds are a dark brown, then you know that it is time to pick the seeds. If you observe how She grows, you will see that at every intersection between a leaf and the main stem, there is a small bud developing. Follow the seed stalk down until the next pair of developing buds. The first set of leaves below the seed stalk and the buds sprouting from there are most always going to develop into another pair of manjaris, so rather than drain Her energy it is best to skip down one more joint to the next set of leaves and buds. Nip here, saying the mantra for picking leaves, chanting Hare Krishna, and using sharp surgical scissors. (See the drawing page e) Best to pick the flowers when they bloom, because letting them go to seed does very much weaken the plant.

Once the seeds are gathered, let them dry a short week or so. Be very careful when handling the seed pods, even when they are on the mother plant as they are arranged in such a way as to spring out of the pods when shaken. From there on in, you can follow the instructions contained in the seedling pictures at the end of this booklet. So far as seeding seasons, I haven't observed any in our Tulasis in Hawaii. They flower constantly, perpetually-- all the time, year round, but more intensely when there' s lots of sunshine .

Diseases-- Generally speaking, if She is receiving correct water and sufficient sunlight, in a pot of the correct size and type of dirt suitable, She will flourish. The only necessity is to be sure to protect Her from wandering insects and the most lethal-- red spider mites.

Always keep Her in an area that is screened and continually check the underside of Her leaves for insects. The primary concern in the U. S. is the ever-present spider mites, so that will be the main concern here.

These rascals live on the underside of Her leaves and lay their eggs in the dust next to the ribbing or veins of Her leaves. When the eggs hatch, the young suck Her juice. The beginning symptoms are pale and limp leaves with brown tips. The leaves become specked with small pale green dots and begin to curl in. As She becomes weaker and weaker, whole branches will just turn yellow, curl up and drop all their leaves. The stems become pinched and brown. If you observe very carefully you will see small spiders, no bigger than the head of a pin scurrying around on the underside of Her leaves and in the topmost clusters of branches and leaves. Hold Her at different angles in the light and you will see fine spider webs crisscrossing the various branches. Finally, you will see small white eggs on the underside of Her leaves and your whole Tulasi will be yellow and limp.

She can be saved' There is a very simple process which if you use at a regular basis will keep the spiders at a very minimal level and Srimati Tulasi will flourish and bloom. Never use any sort-of poison. Tulasi is meant for offering to Krishna, and how can She be offered if She is covered with some spray (systemic sprays horrible!!). She is also contaminated by the use of systemic sprays as they work their way through Her system and ultimately deposit their poison in Her leaves. Ladybugs are often offered as a solution-, but from my own experience on several attempts they haven't been much help. The real cure is the bathing. process. (Actually, the eggs of the spiders are stuck on by some sort of natural adhesive and will not be washed off. They hatch at their will so the regular bathing and periodic sprays with fresh water can keep the spiders and mites at bay. )

The needed paraphernalia is: one large plastic bucket with a mouth 2 ft. across, 1 bar of soap (spiritual sky herbal or non scented is the best-- be careful what soap you use). I found that the best to use is a vegetable soap as the others are made with some animal products, and a hose with fresh water. It is best done in the morning or on a cloudy day, as it is a taxing endeavor and the sun is a strain. Water first, as this will help to keep the soil in the pot. The basic principles are: You dip the Tulasi in the soapy water, swish Her around carefully and then rinse off with fresh water. The soapy water coats the leaves and smothers the spiders, the clean rinse washes the soap off, along with the spiders and their webs. If done regularly twice a month, your Tulasis will survive nicely.

The water should be drawn the day before and handled just as written in the water section. This way it is also not too cold for Her. Rub the bar of soap in the water until it turns a shadowy white, not solid white like milk, but more of a translucent white. If the soap is too concentrated it can do some damage. Add a 1/4 cup of honey to 6 gallons water as that will also help coat the leaves. Cut pieces of cardboard to fit inside the various sizes of pots ( see picture page) as the cardboard will keep the dirt from sliding out into the water or your whole Tulasi  from falling out. Work in an area where there can be water spilled in large quantities but that is also protected from the wind, dogs, and other alien factors.

Get an assistant to help you hold Her pot, and using the cardboard to hold Her soil, tip Her up and submerge Her in the solution. Don ' t be timid but also be gentle (there is a fine line of difference). It is either this or the slow death by the spiders. Swish Her around softly, cautiously agitating the water by raising and lowering her in the bucket, like a pump swirl against Her. The whole time spent no more than 5 seconds, I have timed it. Now that means once you actually have Her submerged, and have the knack of it.

One danger point is when She is removed from the water. Just like after you wash something-- it has greater weight due to the added water that has been absorbed, so there will be added water suspended on Her various leaves and branches . If you just pull Her right out, the added water will cause Her to droop over and be unable to support Herself. If you grab Her right out there is every possibility of breaking roots and also tearing branches. As you pull Her out, simultaneously grab hold of a strong part of Her stem towards the base, several inches above the ground. By holding on to the stem in this way, it gives added support to Her and also you can very gently shake off the excess water (Like the Boar incarnation, shaking off the water after saving the world from the filthy place. )

The next step is to hose Her off with fresh water, one reason is to wash the old soap off Her leaves and the other is to finish off those spiders who were shaken loose by the bath but not completely removed . By placing a finger over the nozzle you can make a jet-spray-- there must be force enough to knock the spiders off but not enough to tear or rip Her leaves. Be sure to get the underside of the leaves as that is where the spiders hide out. The main concern here is the possibility of flooding Her pot with the excess water, so turn Her pot on one edge, tilted to one side, and in that way you have a clean shot at the underside, and the excess water just travels right on by.  Also you could cover her root ball and the earth at the top of the pot with a sphere of plastic or something like plastic wrap. Now very carefully shake off the water, and unfold Her leaves. Remove any of the old yellow leaves that may be caught in Her branches. Have a sacred throw away to take care of the unoffered leaves. She maybe a bit limp (be very careful when you do this, have an assistant and think it out thoroughly before acting), but you will see Her perk up by morning (You may have to prop up a branch or two for a day or so-- use a stick, being sure not to crush any buds or leaves.)

I haven't used any store bought insecticides in a very long time. If the plants are kept healthy, there won't be a need for such things. Also they are poisonous, and I know Srila Prabhupada didn't really like the idea. The only thing I used was sulfur (a couple of years ago) for the mites, and it is an organic control. We used Malathion once or twice but decided against it, and I haven 't used anything at all for perhaps 2 years. By using such things the leaves practically become unofferable, as they are poisoned. Sulfur washes off, true, but you have to have very hot sunshine in order to activate its working principle.

The spiders are spread by eggs which the mothers lay along the veins on the underside of Tulasi's leaves. These serve as breeding grounds and as the eggs are stuck on to Her leaves with a type of secretion, they are virtually impossible to remove with simple washing, so the successful process consists of bi-weekly baths with soap (every 14 days) and spraying Her off every day or every other day (every other day is probably sufficient). Our greenhouse is arranged in such a way that 70 Tulasis can be rinsed at-a time, The water soaking into Her stems helps to generate healthy fibers for carrying fluid. Some ideas are: put Her on some shelves so that by kneeling down you can get right under Her leaves. Be sure that it is done in a reasonably warm place so She won't catch cold. During the summer months we spray Her with water twice a day, once in the morning around 10:00 and again the afternoon about 2:30. She loves it as manifested by Her green effulgence.

There is also the possibility that you are taking over after the spiders have gotten a strong grip and done much damage. Check the tops of Her branches by holding Her in different angles of light. Very fine meshing of webs can be seen. At this stage the spiders are like cancer and the only combating element is to somehow remove the sick limb. There are so many eggs that they will just serve to contaminate the rest of Her; also it is like fighting a battle-- if She is fighting off the spiders on too many fronts She will be ineffectual on all fronts. Better to remove the worst places and let Her concentrate on that which has potential to be saved. Once the leaves are yellow with browning tips and covered with the webs, there is no hope. Best to remove by following the tip down the stem to where She still remains healthy. Cut above a pair of healthy buds as seen in collecting seeds section. Contemplate the move first, cut off as little as possible and still do the job. Better to just cut Her once than do many many small cuts-- and yet don't butcher Her. This may seem harsh, but having done the initial cutting (better to cut once than to let Her go the slow way with a blanket of spiders) the regular bathing and spraying keep Her in the peak of health. (Note: 'It is a great offense to cut Her lotus branches, replied Srila Prabhupada to Radhaballabha in a letter. Also, he spoke last fall just prior to His leaving about this subject: generally plants are pruned before winter but Tulasi-devi is not ordinary. Sachidevi.) The Tulasis that I have tended in this way have made a comeback and are now serving their Lord nicely, so judge by the results.

So far as I understand, pruning is not to be done except in most exceptional circumstances. Cutting a leaf or a flower stalk is not considered pruning so far as my understanding, but is rather a necessary everyday thing for gathering to offer to the Deities. (Here we are cutting flower stalks daily, and if we cut steadily for 2 or 3 hours, still we can't get them all. It is our major problem with our Tulasi plants. I want to keep them from going to seed, but it is virtually impossible as it would require an 8 hour a day job practically-which is not practical.) So to pick off a mosaic leaf or infected leaf or a few infected leaves seems okay to me-- but to start cutting off branches, etc. . is where I would become most hesitant .

Pruning, so far as dictionary definitions, means to cut off branches or parts of a plant so generally it doesn't refer to cutting of flowers, etc.

I can relate one incident in this regard: last visit Srila Prabhupada made to New Nabadwip the Tulasi plants on either side of the temple gateway had grown overly large-- about 7 feet tall and 4 or 5 feet in diameter. So They had bushed out into the walkway, thus closing the entranceway except for about a foot and a half. We had tied them back repeatedly, but still They closed in again so that a person had to turn sideways and slither between them, and even then lightly brush them. This isn't so bad for devotees, but all guests aren't so considerate so They would get smashed against and so forth. So as Prabhupada walked between Them there being only enough space for Him to pass, I asked what can be done, the entrance being closed. He smiled and said, "You cannot cut them. Don't live, don't die. " He laughed. We did nothing, and then later got a letter from India and He said that in this case They could be trimmed back. So only then did we proceed to do it with reluctance. So you have perhaps understand the seriousness of pruning from this incident. I have heard such pruning is sometimes done on the mainland for some reasons, but you should explain it can only be done in extreme cases of necessity. If there is disease or heavy infestation of spider mites, then I suppose it The next step is to hose her off with fresh water, one reason is to wash the old soap off  Her leaves and the other is to finish off these spiders who could be concluded as necessary in order to save the plant, but should not "be done whimsically to "make the plant bushier

Her goal and reason for existence is to be offered to Krishna, so to spray Her with some poison defeats the whole purpose. Also, She is very tender and most sprays are extremely harsh; soap is mildest medium I hare found. One possibility that Is offered is a 3% oil spray, but I haven' t experimented with it and would like to avoid it. If there is trouble with larger bugs, try to purchase some lady bugs or praying mantises. Write: Bio-Control Company, Route 2, Auburn, California 95603, Box 2397, 50¢ for a small vial of 50 lady bugs which is more than enough. Write for information to the California address. (Remember this was written in 1970); I have used the lady bugs on spider mites with little results, but they may work on different types of bugs . Never use a systemic spray or soil soluble solution as it will almost kill Her and leave a lingering taste for up to 6 months.  Note: a good spray made for planets: OX bug spray . Wait 3 days after spraying before offering to Krishna.

Flies are another botheration and must be avoided as they are very dirty. The best is to use screens and always be sure to shut doors.  A fan also helps to get rid of them if it has an outside sucking vent which will draw them out. (Good air circulation helps Her grow.)

If Her leaves become speckled with a brownish pattern it is called mosaic or tobacco worm . Sometimes it is caused by a fungus and the best method is to bathe Her and remove the contaminated leaves with sharp scissors. Another of the same type is" called a mosaic worm which tunnels in between Her two layers of skin in the leaf cells. They look just like they sound-- that is to say, the first sign is a white or tan line across the leaf which looks like someone dug a small tunnel . Just like a gopher, this little worm will weave all over Her leaf until it looks like a mosaic . They live on the inside of Her leaves, so the only spray that is effective would be a systemic spray which is added to Her water, drawn up through Her roots, and deposited in Her leaves. In other words Her leaves become poisonous and when t he worm eat s them, he dies. But what is the value if Her leaves are then unofferable? The easy and effective control is to simply nip the leaf containing the worm and be sure to remove it from the area. These worms do not spread at a rapid rate, so a few leaf removals and they are gone. (By Krishna's Grace. ) As a general law, always be sure to separate the healthy from the sick, and keep it that way until the danger has sufficiently passed away .

Small white mites, which look like tiny, white flies or mothers, come when the air is stuffy and moist. Too much incense in an enclosed area which is damp will bring them. They are of no real danger, and will leave as soon as there is fresh air. Leaving Her out at night, if steps are taken to protect Her, is first class, especially on moonlight nights. Always be sure She is protected by screens as summer brings out the bugs, and they are especially fond of tender young Tulasis.
 

Many abnormalities which appear to be symptoms of diseases are caused by changes in Her natural conditions, too much water, too much sunlight, not enough fresh air, too much cold; these can all cause discoloring and mutations . The sat e and sure course is to make friends with a local botanist; approach the city parks system or the local colleges. Take them prasadam.

We learn in Krishna Book that at the time of death the temperature in the body rises and then falls; the falling causes the total devastation of the life symptoms. So, similarly, in the colder regions, there is a large variance factor of temperature between night and day . Too much variation in this field will cause color disfigurations . Sometimes one whole branch will just wilt up and go limp while the remainder of Her transcendental form will remain fresh and green. This is caused by that one branch being too close to the side of the house and thereby exposed to the cold, or too close to the heater, or a pot that was watered late in the afternoon and the water in the soil froze, or not enough water and She dried out. Try and see that there are so many options, so always be aware of changes in weather, and try to retain a balance of water, light and heat.

Humidity-- Humidity means amount of moisture in the air, and will change with the weather. The process for maintaining a balance will depend on the number of Tulasis you have the benediction of tending. In our case we have a greenhouse with gravel for a floor, so all that is necessary is to run the hose on the rocks for a few minutes every morning and the problem is solved. In St. Louis, we took a strong table and made 8" sides on it all the way around. The enclosed area we lined with plastic (waterproof ~ and filled it with perlite, which is a very inexpensive sponge rock which absorbs and withholds water. From the level of the rocks to the top or sides on the table was around 2" and across this we put thick slates, placed 1" apart. On the slates, the Tulasi pots were set. Water was poured into the enclosed sponge rocks whenever necessary as the weather evaporated the water. This arrangement of having the Tulasis with air circulation under Their pots is first class for growth and allows the water to evaporate around Them for equal distribution. If you have only a few Tulasis, then simply take a large tub or pan, fill it with perlite rocks, place slates over the top, and place Her Divine Trace on the slates. Water pots simply left around the room or on top of a heater or radiator are ineffectual. If She is not getting enough moisture, the symptoms are that She we 11 become a little limp, and brown spots and smudges wi1l appear at the tip and along Her center veins in the leaves. One cure is to apply the above method and if that is already in practice, try this. Make a frame of coat hanger or other thick wire over Her pot and Blissful Self. Cover the frame with a tinted plastic bag. (No extra endeavor needed for tinting, simply purchase a brown or tan trash 1iner bag at the store. ~ The reason for the tint is to filter out some of the harsh sun rays (if you don't, the enclosed heat will probably kill Her.  Then place moist sponges inside the covered frame on the ground level and also at the top. The moisture will evaporate and add to the humidity. Leave Her in shaded light or only morning sun, and write me for more details as I am still learning.

NO pruning (She is not an ordinary plant) and picking leaves.  This is a very delicate subject and should always be approached with the greatest caution and tender care. The only times which necessitate cutting Her graceful limbs are, for picking manjaris to keep Her from becoming too top heavy, and removing those parts too diseased to be saved

If you carefully observe Her Transcendental Form, you will see that where each leaf joins the main stem there is a bud developing. Look down Her stalk from where you desire to prune, checking at each leaf-- stem intersection for two healthy buds, one on each side of the stem. Cut about 1/8" to 1/16" above the joint, using a small pair of needle-nose scissors (small for maneuverability). See picture page. Always be sure the scissors are sharp so that they disturb Her as little as possible. Keep them just like pujari paraphernalia-- only for Srimati Tulasi-devi's use.

Please be gentle, never cut Her without serious contemplation and if at all possible, approach a devotee who has had some gardening experience with developed knowledge and sensitivity.

In the matter of plucking Her tops, this should be done as a regular procedure-- not all at once, but gradually as She develops. The situation is, that as She grows She has a tendency to become top heavy, that is to say, a long stem that cannot support the leaf growth on top. The result is that She droops and bends. The remedy is to simply pluck the topmost developing bud, every time it has grown about 3 or 4 joints. If you observe carefully, you will see that whenever you nip the top bud, the next lower set of buds develops. The result is that Her upward surge is slowed down, and the energy used for growing up is re-channeled to developing the lower buds and strengthening Her stem. In this way She grows fuller and bushier. The procedure is simple: Take the scissors and see if you can nip the center of the very topmost bud cluster. Most of the time this little bud will snap right off, if done in the correct manner. If you have ever snapped wire-- the way to do it is bend the wire one way, and then bend it back the exact opposite way You don' t twist it or turn it.  But bend all the way one way and then all the way back; the other way. (This may seem vague, but if you look at the drawing page, it will hopefully explain itself.   Observe Her structure and try to understand how She is growing and which development follows which before you start to prune or nip Her. If you look closely you will see that the little buds are little leaves that haven't unfolded yet, like hands held together with palms touching as if in prayer. As they open, a new bud of unfolded leaves is revealed. If you trace down the unopened central bud you will see where the bud is connected to a little stem and where that little stem joins the next pair of buds. Nip right there; low enough to net the whole bud (if you only get part it causes pain and mutation and high enough to not mar the up and coming buds.

Always try the plucking method first as it is easiest and safest. Let the bud develop enough so that you can clearly: distinguish the various parts . Don't be in a hurry for doing it right is the important part. If you can't distinguish and time is of the essence as with a diseased Tulasi, go down to the first easily distinguishable intersection and nip Her there. Please try to avoid it for the more you cut off the greater the shock to Her system.

Manjaris and Flowers-- These flowering stalks and clusters are the full blown expression of Her love for Krishna. They are white on Rama Tulasis and purple on the Krishna Tulasis. After the flowers have all bloomed and gone, the pods (each shaped like a little temple-nurture four small round seeds (.) actual size, which turn a dark brown when fully matured. Manjaris are very intricate, and because of these fine and fragile features, they require much energy to develop . If your Tulasi is very young or sick, or recently received or repotted, She should not be allowed to develop manjaris-- only a few manjaris in proportion to Her health, size, and age . Better to let Her catch Her breath to bloom for another season, then to let Her attempt to maintain too many manjaris and be weakened and susceptible to diseases .

To gather Them, follow the same procedure as cited in pruning, only in the case of manjari the buds immediately preceding the actual flowering top are almost always another pair of manjaris which, if left to develop, are a great drain on Her system. Clip below the second manjari buds, 1/16th" above the next developing set of buds. Not all of Her flowers will develop at once, so choose a time when the flowers are about half way up the stalk as that is when there are the most flowers. (See picture page).

If you are letting Her go to seed, be sure She is in fine health. Seeds may be obtained at the temple so the need is filled; but if you are still desirous of your Own seeds, simply let the stalks stay on after the flowering stage. The pods will become firm and brown. Look up into the pod and when the four little seeds have turned dark brown, the seeds are ready . Simply nip the stalk as mentioned in the section above, being careful not to shake or jar the pod stalk, as that will send the seeds flying in every direction. Let the stalk dry out a little if the seeds are still a little bit green (better to wait and let them mature on the mother plant). For planting, follow the instructions under said section, being very sure to remove the seeds from the pod before planting as They will have trouble sprouting otherwise .

She has two or three flowering seasons (depending on weather and if She is in a greenhouse), the one which produces the best seeds is during the summer months of June, July and August . The other times, She develops shorter stalks with smaller flowers . These may or may not produce seeds; generally they make like a small fruit which dries up and produces no seeds . (Manjaris have a blissful aroma and if the flowering stalks are put into Krishna's water or some cooling drink, it gives it a most transcendental f1avor.)

Offering--  The leaves should be washed 3 times before offering and kept in a bowl of fresh water inside of a refrigerator. If They are not kept like this They turn 1imp and pale . I f They are kept in water, but not in a refrigerator They will turn brown. Be sure to change the water in the bowl everyday, and clean the sides of the bowl so no film will grow. (Proof that Mother Ganga is actually pure is that Ganga water will not become murky if kept contained') Estimate the required amount of leaves needed a day and try to pick about the same amount each day and in that way you will always have a supply and She will feel regular. (Sometimes in the case of manjaris , there will be an extra amount of mercy.  Don' t pick Her leaves sporadically, but aim for the same time, same amount, every day. It depends on how healthy and bushy the plant is. If there are hundreds of leaves on Her, it won't hurt to take a few-- if there are only 13 or 14 leaves, don' t take any at all unless they are about to drop off . It depends on the size and health of the plant . Use your discretion in the matter.  One thing Prabhupada said once to me is that dried leaves are just as offerable as fresh green ones and that I should send dried leaves to centers having little or no Tulasi.  So rather than strip a weak Tulasi of Her few greatly needed leaves, why not have the people write to us and we will send dried bags of manjaris, etc.?

Worship-- As Tulasi's servant, your responsibility enters into all the different aspects of Her existence. You must see that She is being maintained properly ~ that Her leaves are always offered in a clean and fresh manner, and that the devotees all are given the opportunity to worship Her.

Needed paraphernalia -- stand for worshipping Her on, ghee lamp, two bowls and two spoons (use small spoons to help avoid over watering), arati tray to hold the paraphernalia, we have the various prayers typed up and in a glass picture frame, a large sign with the words to "Namo namo... . . ." so guests and neophytes can sing and learn, a bell. Always ask guests to participate, as with a little prodding, they always join in and enjoy themselves. The devotees should always bow down when they see Her. . . if you always treat Her with great respect, they will fol1ow.

Odds and Ends-- Make Her some skirts to fit around Her pot when She is on the altar, and if possible, change the Tulasis on the altar every day as the hot lights and lack of sun will effect Her . Always remember to check and see if She has been placed over a voltive candle or ghee bowl that might burn Her leaves. Try to arrange some time when the Deities are being dressed or during doop arotiks . Always keep Her room neat and clean . . . fresh air that is not too cold or breezy is essential. Decorate Her room with pictures. Use incense sparingly as it tends to make Her sick if you burn it continually. One or two sticks a day are refreshing and sufficient as well. Garlands left for more than a day will mold and attract bugs. If She is in a greenhouse or enclosed protection, and you find it getting too hot inside, try a whitewash of lime and water very inexpensive] on the roof and that will filter out much of the heat but leave the necessary rays . Be sure to rotate Her if She is in a window, so that She will grow symmetrically.

Become regulated and follow the schedule arranged for Her and you will be able to do more In less time. Do a little bit each day and you will always be on top of the situation. The daily squirting can be skipped occasionally, if the weather is cold or She is weak from something other than spiders . Material nature is constantly mutable so be sure to check on Her several times throughout the day, when you first wake up, around 10 a.m., around 2 p .m., sunset, and before taking rest. By letting yourself be absorbed in Her service, you will become blissful. She is very kind.

Scriptural Basis and Related Stories - -Nectar of Devotion, page 57, "How to Discharge Devotional Service. " "So altogether there are sixty- four items for discharging the regulated practice of devotional service. Out of these sixty-four items, five items-namely, offering water to the Tulasi tree, hearing the Srimad Bhagavatam, associating amongst the devotees, and sankirtana and living in Mathura- - are very important . " See also 101-102 .

The Ganges River is said to taste of Tulasi due to its having come in contact with the Lord's Lotus Feet.

The prostitute who attempted to seduce Haridas Thakura, was given the benediction of becoming a great devotee, due to her offering respects to the Tulasis which were growing outside Haridas's' hut.

Prabhupada said that She was a devotee who was married to a demon and Krishna came and saved Her by killing the cruel, atheist hush and.

In Detroit, Srila Prabhupada said, "Where is Tulasi?" and when She was then brought in, He put His garland around Her and had Her placed on the altar, saying "mother Tulasi is so kind. " He said, "Treat Her as you would any of Krishna' s pure devotees . "

One time the devotees had Krishna on a scale and were busy trying to balance Him with gold. However, no matter how much gold they amassed on the scale, still, Krishna outweighed it . Then one devotee had an idea . He wrote "Hare Krishna" on a Tulasi and placed it on the scale . Immediately, it out weighed Krishna '

Additional Notes

In talking with our local botanist, he informed me that Srimati Tulasi-devi belongs to a rare plant family which has what is known as a perfect f lower, that is to say, the flower contains both the male and female developments which allows Her to fertilize Herself. In other words, there is no such thing as a male Tulasi'

Sunlight, and the correct amount of it to be exact, determines whether plants will flower or not; so if your Tulasi isn't flowering, try to make some adjustment for more light. (They will flower under 14-16 hours of gro-lux indoor lights.

If you are building a greenhouse, or something for shelves, plaster grating, which is a thick wire mesh, If supported with several wood braces s is first class. As you work, you wil1 see that wood shelves will warp and are hard to keep clean, while open spaced mesh allows the dirt and water to fall right through.

Keep a thermometer in Her room, having it in the shade at the average level of the Tulasis on Their shelves. When She is first moored into a room or house, station several thermometers at different levels and angles, as heat will not be evenly distributed. (Some corners catch more sun, heat rises, air doesn't circulate regularly, there are so many variables-- so seek them out and rectify. ~

Further questions may be directed to the Tulasi pujari at your scares t ISKCON temple .

News of Cures and Causes:

Osmosis: too much nitrogen in the soil will cause all: of Her sap to leave Her leaves and stems, and concentrate in  the roots. The result is that She will go limp and die. It is a gradual process occurring throughout the entire plant. (This will distinguish it from a virus which can hit just one branch and leave the rest of Her in tact.

Cure: Decrease watering, but don't starve Her. This will keep more of the nitrogen from being absorbed at such a rapid rate. When She appears stronger, then carefully transplant Her in to fresh  (nitrogenless) soil . Cow manure is all right to use if in fact it is the safest of all possible plant foods . Is there any doubt as to why the cow is so worshipable?

Fungus: They come from tiny seeds (spores) in the air a' grow on Her leaves or in the soil. Once inside Her system, work like a cancer and spread throughout Her system. A whole branch can just wi1t up and be gone while the rest of Her stays in tact.

Symptoms: Apparently healthy leaves drop off in large quantity r Branches wilt and die .

Cure: Separate infected Tulasis immediately . Keep in dry place . Water as little as possible . Spray with the fungicide spray Benlate immediately. Do not offer the leaves for four weeks thereafter.

Viruses: I know very little about them, and the authority also say they are very hard to define. "The more I study the more I see I don't know.- Actually science is all an educated guess." (Quote from the director of University of M. Botany Gardens Ph.D. . and what have you . This shows the results and fruits of speculative inductive pursuits .  Find your nearest biologist and botanist as each case is different.

She should be segregated as they will travel to the other Tulasis by contact (fungus will do the same ~ . Be sure to keep all your utensils clean and wash your hands after touching the infected ones . The doctors say to give Her sunlight, and this is confirmed in Bhagavad-Gita, "The sun- god can be worshipped for improved health."

Dropping Leaves:  Many causes, and one more is sudden changes in temperature. She likes hot, dry weather, and the changes from hot to cold to hot again will kill the cells which are at the joint intersection between the leaves and the stems . The result is that if your Tulasis are bumped or shaken many leaves will fall off. The most dangerous places are in a greenhouse with insufficient heating, and in a glass window from day (hot) to night (cold).

Nitrogen Burn: Too much nitrogen in the soil can also cause the tips of Her leaves to turn brown. Yellow will creep in from the side rims, and the whole leaf will fade . Same procedure as for osmosis.

The following is the most successful and the easiest way I've found for propagating seeds and transplanting seedlings:

1. Buy a "Jiffy Grower Seed Starter Kit" 98¢ (or similar brand) at a garden store. This kit consists of small peat-moss seed cups arranged like an egg-carton, with seedbed soil pre-mixed and sifted. So all you have to do is fill the cups with soil mix and moisten (according to package directions) and press the Tulasi seeds into the soil about 1/16" deep, about 6 seeds per cup. Keep in warm sunny room, avoiding temperature changes, out of strong drafts, and away from gas fumes. The alternative to buying this kit is to mix and sift 1 part compost, 1 part loam, and 2 parts clean river sand (unsalted): sift into seed flat or peat moss pots and water from beneath-- don't sprinkle them (washes seeds: . This actually more expensive, time-consuming, and not as successful as the Seed Starter Kit, however.

2. The first Tulasi sprouts should appear in 6 or 7 days, and will continue appearing for several weeks. Keep the plastic seed-germination bag from pressing down on the seedlings- prop it up inside with sticks if necessary. When the seedlings are 1/2'' tall, the seed cups can be separated and each transferred to a bigger pot. (It is expected that some of the cups will have sprouts sooner than others. Just take out the sprouted cups and leave the unsprouted cups undisturbed in the plastic tray and bag. Each week or so, add a little tepid water to the bottom of the plastic seed pan if necessary, in order to keep the remaining unsprouted cups moist.)

3. Buy a dozen (12 for 79¢) 4" or 6" deep peat moss pots and some good planter soil-mix. (If you mix your own planter soil, use 2 parts sifted loam, 1 part clean river sand (unsalted) and 1 part sifted peat moss or leaf mold. Generally It should be slightly fertile, light with good drainage. There is no objection to mixing your own-- it's cheaper; but these peat moss pots are very nice as they give good ventilation, and simplify the eventual transplanting job. (1/16 part aged manure).

4. In late afternoon, in a wind protected spot (preferably just in the vicinity of the seed-kit so there'll be no temperature changes) sit down equipped with knife, few handfuls of rocks, water bottle (described herein), lots of tepid water, peat moss pots and soil mix. The idea is to simply put the sprouted seed cups into deeper pots, for more root-growing room; plant the whole cup; just remove the bottom of the cup. Begin by lining the bottom of the 4" peat pots with rocks for drainage; wet the soil mix thoroughly and fill the peat pots, leaving a depression for the seed cup to enter. With knife, carefully remove bottom of peat moss seed cup . Set the whole seed cup down into the moist depression, pressing down firmly on all sides to eliminate air gaps, and water thoroughly making a moat around the planted cup, but avoid direct watering into the seedling cup. (Direct watering may disturb seeds that are still germinating on the surface of the seed cup.  Use a gentle squirt bottle and tepid (not cold-- or hot) water. Never hit the tiny seedlings directly with the water scream. (If by accident you do, pick them up and try to prop her up with soil, very gently.  A thoroughly rinsed dish detergent bottle (plastic) with a punctured top makes a good watering bottle, having a gentle stream. When finished, leave the pots in same vicinity as seed kit. Place the pots 2 or 3 inches apart on "oven racks" or the like, so that they get good air circulation and drainage from beneath, and sides. Allow light but no direct sun exposure.

5.  In a few days, gradually introduce them to filtered sunlight (or only a few morning hours, 8:30-11:30), say under a tree outdoors, or under a lath-screen. (This is assuming the weather is nice and nights aren't severely cold.  Arrange the pots as above, on an oven rack, or better yet, an old bare bed- springs is the ideal thing- -one pot in each wire spiral - -this also gives good insect protection. Shield them from sun and wind. Protection from wind maybe afforded by attaching paraffin cloth, burlap, muslin, or plywood, to stakes, building a 4-sided box. Then fiberglass or aluminum window-screen can be tacked to the box edge, giving protection from sparrows, mynah birds, and flying insects . (Flies are especially bad-- they lay eggs in the leaves . Protect with screen.

6. Water the Tulasi seedlings thoroughly each morning before prasadam, using tepid water bottle. Keep a large pot of tepid water nearby for refilling the water bottle, as they should be kept nicely moist. If the seedlings start turning purplish or grayish, then they 're getting too much sun and not enough water. If this happens keep them in shade for a few days till they recover, else they may wither and disappear .

7. Care for the seedlings regularly in the above manner, offering obeisances and circumambulating twice daily and in a few weeks they will develop 2 or  more sets of leaves. Then, if  you have pots bearing more than one seedling (and you probably will), you have to plan on separating them by transplanting each into a separate peat moss pot (4" to 6 deep). This separation transplanting is difficult but it is necessary. So prepare the required number of peat moss pots as described in paragraphs #3 and # 4, and in late afternoon equip yourself with peat pots, a knife, spade, rocks, soil mix, water bottle and lots of tepid water.  Important: The seedlings must be put one to a pot as soon as possible after they have 2 sets of leaves.   Before hand be sure to water the pots to be transplanted thoroughly.  This makes the soil stick more to the roots, protecting them while transplanting, the idea is to avoid breaking and losing the seedling's roots, to transplant as quickly as possible because even momentary root exposure to air and wind is damaging, and to keep as much moist soil as possible around the roots. After thorough watering, begin by cutting an inch or so deep into the peat pot, dividing it into two or more sections, depending on the number of seedlings. Start sections by cutting, then carefully pull the sections apart, trying to avoid root breakage and exposure as far as possible. Immediately plant the sections in the newly prepared peat pots, pressing down firmly and filling more with moist soil as needed, and water thoroughly several times. (Two devotees working together can do this part more quickly.  Press soil around the plants firmly to eliminate drying air pockets, and water  thoroughly several times. Full shade and increased watering should continue for 3 days, and longer if they wilt.  If you do it quickly and carefully, there will be little or no wilting or drying up.

8 . After 3 days of shade (simply cover the screened bed with cloth to provide shade) and double watering, gradually introduce them to filtered sunlight,) and continue caring for them as in paragraphs 4 and 5. Continue this program for 2 or 3 weeks, until they hare 3 or 4 sets of leaves. When more leaves have appeared, you may check periodically to see if any tiny white rootless are coming through the bottoms of the pots. (One of the advantages of peat moss pots, aside from easy transplant, is that the roots never become cramped, thus dwarfing the plant. When the pot becomes too small, the roots start growing right through it.  When you begin to see the roots coming through the bottom, it's time to put the Tulasi plants in their permanent location, either in the garden or in a large pot.

9. Transplanting into Pots: It is advisable to put a few plants in pots for the winter, especially if your center is in a cold climate. Large 10-12" deep cement pots or redwood planters are porous and very sturdy; clay pots are porous but break easily; plastic pots are non-porous and not very good. Indoors in cold season with use of a "plant-lamp" you should be able to continue growing Tulasi plants year-round, so use durable and large pots. Cement and redwood pots usually have little "legs" beneath, for drainage and air circulation, which is very important. Soil Mix: Give Srimati Tulasi-devi a very nice planter soil-mix and She'll grow and flourish nicely. You can either buy a ready-mixed packaged planter soil, or mix your own-- which is just as good, done properly, and cheaper.  A good planter mix is 2 parts garden loam (more or less depending on whether soil is light or heavy in texture), 1 part compost, 1 part coarse sand (clean and unsalted), 1 part peat moss or leaf mold, and 1 part well-rotted dehydrated cow manure. (Cow manure must be dehydrated; fresh cow manure will burn roots, so  buy dehydrated manure in garden store. ) Drainage: Be sure the pot drains freely.  Place curved piece of crockery ( broken clay pot) over the drainage hole, then line bottom of pot with 1 or 2 inches of coarse gravel, so that dirt will neither sift through holes nor clog them. Potting procedure: In late afternoon, prepare cement or redwood pot as above, and fill it with moist soil mix, leaving depression in center of pot. water Tulasi to be potted. Then with knife, carefully remove bottom of Tulasi 's peat moss pot, and set peat pot and Tulasi (together) down into the depression, pressing firmly so there will not by any air pockets . Leave about 1 inch of pot rim above dirt surf ace, for ease in watering water thoroughly by soaking pot in basin from below.  Care of Tulasi in Pots: The safest thing is to water thoroughly when necessary and allow plant to take up the moisture, or, water lightly each morning. This is dependent on climate, etc. Try not to over-water or under-water. Light: Tulasi likes full sun so give them a sunny window. Or, if there's no sunshine, buy a "plant lamp" and grow them year-round beneath it. But don't suddenly take them outside on a sunny day . The shock from the contrast would be very great and could have a damaging effect. Cleansing Her Leaves: House dust is another factor in indoor cultivation. Leaves covered with a film of dust cannot carry on transpiration in the normal manner. To keep them dust free, clean the leaves-- top and bottom-- with a damp cloth or sponge, twice a month. Do this very very gently especially in the beginning when plants are very delicate ~ Leaves should always be cleansed after the muddy job of transplanting. Never use soap or oil of any kind on the leaves  (rinse off when you do )

 - 10. Outdoor Planting of Tulasi: To Prepare a bed for the Tulasi outdoors, located in full sun, and construct wind protection box, and screen for keeping out unwanted birds and flying insects. Tulasi likes light, fertile, well-drained soil, slightly alkaline, and deeply cultivated. So find out what kind
of soil you have, and add the required soil amendments. (for example, if soil is too heavy, and clay like, you add leaf mold, compost, sand and sawdust.) But in any case, mix in good quantities of dehydrated cow manure, compost and leaf mold ( or peat moss ); then cultivate thoroughly . Transplanting into the ground: In late afternoon, equipped with knife, spade, water, measuring stick,  dig 4-6" holes ( the size of the peat pots ) spacing them 12" apart in rows 15-18" apart. Fill the holes with water and let drain somewhat. Then, one by one, carefully remove the peat pot's bottom, and set the whole pot and Tulasi y down into the hole, pressing firmly and watering again and again. There should be no problem in this setting out, since you don' t have to disturb the roots in any way . Keep them in partial shade several days and gradually expose them to full sun. Cultivate ground every week or so, keeping free from weeds. Water regularly each morning, and they'll "grow like anything" Haribol!

Note: These peat pots are very advantageous for growing plants more quickly, with less transplant set-back, but great care must be taken in handling them as they break and tear very easily. If you always pick them up with both hands, there'll be little problem. If the bottom does fall out of one, however, do this: get a new peat pot and line the bottom with gravel fill it 2" or so with soil mix, and set the bottomless pot down into it, pressing firmly but carefully.

Additional Notes:

Sec. 1. The seed pods in the enclosed vial must be dissected and the seeds removed from them. Each pot contains 4 seeds (. size). Some might have already fallen from the pod. With fingernails carefully pick apart pods, allowing seeds to fall onto a soft cloth. Don't smash the pods. Avoid bruising the seeds or exposing them to damp atmosphere.

If Jiffy grower seed starter kits are not available in your area, then you can get pre-sifted planter soil mix, and put it into small peat moss pots, then cover with a piece of perforated plastic bag by means of a rubber band. And water from below.

Sec. 10. When plants are a little taller, for wind protection and to give them stability, drive a thin stake into the ground 1" or so beside stalk base, and loosely tie stalk to it with a to thin strip of soft cotton cloth (a strip at least 1" wide). Tie it loosely and in a place where it won't obstruct growth of new leaves. This gives the slender delicate stalk good support, even in wind, and makes for more rapid growth. In a few months, the stalk is no more soft and purple, but becomes hard and woody, like a little tree. Still if the area is windy, best to leave the support stake in permanently.

Srila Prabhupada said there are two kinds of Tulasi, Rama Tulasi which is greener, and Krishna Tulasi which is purple. The type we have got is Rama Tulasi, He said. Srila Prabhupada said also there will be little fruits shaped like temples in a  year or so. Now, there are flower stalks, which He called Manjari. His Divine Grace also mentioned that in India, in temple courtyards, there are always Tulasi growing. In temple courtyards they also grow in a 3' pillar that is like a big pot, and Srimati Tulasi-devi is worshipped regularly by the devotees. Especially in villages, the women take very nice care of the Tulasi plant. They water and offer obeisances and circumambulate in the morning. and in the evening they offer lamp and incense, like arati. He said if arati can be done that is very nice; She is great devotee and they offer respect. And She is very, very important necessary paraphernalia in our worship.

His Divine Grace said the plants will continue to grow for about 5 years.

Cut leaves as they begin to droop, before they fall naturally. Don ' t cut terminal leaves, and wait till plants are big for cutting many leaves.

IMPORTANT:   If you are having bug/worm/disease problems, consult your local botanist at a nearby unit university.

An Ayurvedic perspective
http://www.omorganics.com/Tulsi23Jul03.pdf

Ocimum Sanctum - Sacred Basil - Tulasi seeds available from Garden Stuff
http://www.gstuff.co.nz

Prayers and yet more information about Tulasi
http://www.sevamrta.com/tulasidotcom/tulasi_mantras.html

Prayers to Tulasi Devi
http://vrindavana.dasya.com/index.php/Prayers_to_Tulasi_Devi

Songs and Prayers to Tulasi Devi
http://www.vrindavan-dham.com/vrinda/songs-prayers.php

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Varieties of Basil

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African Basil

Ararat Basil

Rubin Basil

Red or Ruby Basil

Cinnamon Basil
 

Sweet Basil

Nofar Sweet Basil

Italian Basil - Genovese Basil
 

 Napolitano Basil

Thai Basil  (two varieties)

Common Spice Basil

Ruffles Purple Basil

Mint Basil

Lemon Basil

Greek Basil (globe greek basil)
 

many varieties of common or garden mundane Basils