The state of one who remembers Krsna's pastimes is that,
like Krsna, his body is also sac-cid-ananda. Therefore the Vaisnava's body
is not different from Krsna's. Krsna explains this to Uddhava in the following
words from Srimad Bhagavatam (11.29.34):
martyo yada tyakta-samasta-karma niveditatma vicikirsito
me
tadamrtatvam pratipadyamano mayatma-bhuyaya ca kalpate
vai (2)
A person who gives up all fruitive activities and offers
himself entirely unto Me, eagerly desiring to render service unto Me, achieves
liberation from birth and death and is promoted to the status of sharing
My own opulences.
Such a devotee enters into the Lord's pastimes and enjoys
with Him. The devotee's bhajana nistha is described in the Manah-siksa
in these words:
na dharmam nadharmam sruti-gana-niruktam kila kuru
vraje radha-krsna-pracura-paricaryam iha tanu
saci-sunum nandisvara-pati-sutatve guru-varam
mukunda-presthatve smara paramajasram nanu manah (3)
O my dear mind, please do not perform the religious activities
prescribed in the Vedas or the sinful activities prohibited in the scriptures.
Just stay in Vraja-dhama, which is manifest on this material plane, and
fully engage in the service of the Divine Couple, Sri Sri Radha-Krsna.
Always remember Sri Gaurahari, the son of Mother Saci, is nondifferent
from Sri Krsna, the son of Maharaja Nanda. And always remember that Sri
Gurudeva is the dearmost associate of Mukunda. These feelings are your
transcendental wealth.
The devotee's humility is described by Sanatana Gosvami
in the next verse, quoted by Srila Rupa Gosvami in the Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu.
One who has achieved the stage of rati (bhava) and has firm hope that Krsna
will be kind to him prays as follows:
na prema sravanadi-bhaktir api va yoga 'thava vaisnavo
jnanam va subha-karma va kiyad aho saj-jatir apy asti
va
hinarthadhika-sadhake tvayi tathapy acchedya-mula sati
he gopi-jana-vallabha vyathayate ha ha mad-asaiva mam
(4)
O my Lord, I do not have any love for You, nor am I qualified
for discharging devotional service by chanting and hearing. Nor do I possess
the mystic power of a Vaisnava, knowledge, or pious activities. Nor do
I belong to a very high-caste family. On the whole, I do not possess anything.
Still, O beloved of the gopis, because You bestow Your mercy on the most
fallen, I have an unbreakable hope that is constantly in my heart. That
hope is always giving me pain.
The devotee's introduction to his siddha-deha (spiritual
form) is described in the Radha-rasa-sudha-nidhi (53):
dukulam vibhranamatha kucatate kancukapatam
prasadam svaminyah svakara-tala-dattam pranayatah
sthitam nityam parsve vividha-paricaryaika-caturam
kisorim atmanam catulaparakiyam nu kalaye (5)
I am a maidservant (manjari) of Radharani in my siddha-deha.
With deep affection Srimati Radharani has bestowed on me Her mercy in the
form of clothing which She has worn. Wearing this clothing, I will see
myself as an adolescent young girl always remaining near Srimati Radharani,
and ready to cleverly serve Her in different ways. In this way I will abandon
my husband, and day and night serve the lotus feet of Radha in the groves
of Vrndavana.
The method of bhajana and place of residence for one who
has attained the above mentioned contemplation is stated in the Upadesamrta
(8):
tan-nama-rupa-caritadi-sukirtananu-
smrtyoh kramena rasana-manasi niyojya
tistan vraje tad-anuragi-jananugami
kalam nayed akhilam ity upadesa-saram (6)
The essence of all advice is that one should utilize
one's full time twenty-four hours a day in nicely chanting and remembering
the Lord's divine name, transcendental form, qualities and eternal pastimes,
thereby gradually engaging one's tongue and mind. In this way one should
reside in Vraja (Goloka Vrndavana-dhama) and serve Krsna under the guidance
of His beloved Vrajavasi associates. One should follow in the footsteps
of the Lord's beloved devotees, who are deeply attached to His devotional
service.
The devotee's process of bhajana is described in the Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu.
Under the guidance of the spiritual master, a raganuga devotee should always
perform his own cherished eternal service:
krsnam smaran janam casya prestham nija-samihitam
tat-tat-katha-ratas casau kuryad vasam vraje sada (7)
A raganuga devotee should always reside in Vraja by constantly
remembering Krsna with His dearmost associates according to his own rasa.
If one is not able to physically live in Vraja, he should at least live
there mentally. Those persons who are ignorant and always engaged in material
sense gratification are never capable of residing in Vraja. However, the
maha-bhagavats, who may not be residing in Vraja by external vision, are
actually always living only in Vraja.
The devotee's external behavior the symptoms and activities
of one situated in prema is described in the Srimad Bhagavatam (11.2.40):
evam-vratah sva-priya-nama-kirtya
jatanurago druta-citta uccaih
hasaty atho roditi rauti gayaty
unmada-van nrtyati loka-bahyah (8)
By chanting the holy name of the Supreme Lord, one comes
to the stage of love of Godhead. Then the devotee is fixed in his vow as
an eternal servant of the Lord, and he gradually becomes very much attached
to a particular name and form of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. As
his heart melts with ecstatic love, he laughs very loudly or cries or shouts.
Sometimes he sings and dances like a madman, for he is indifferent to public
opinion.
The devotee's firm faith in Vraja-lila is found in this
verse, recited by Caitanya Mahaprabhu from the Kavya-prakasa, and quoted
in Padyavali:
yah kaumara-harah sa eva hi varas ta eva caitra-ksapas
te conmilita-malati-surabhayah praudhah kadambanilah
sa caivasmi tathapi tatra surata-vyapara-lila-vidhau
reva-rodhasi vetasi-taru-tale cetah samutkanthate (9)
That very personality who stole my heart during my youth
is now again my master. These are the same moonlit nights of the month
of Caitra. The same fragrance of malati flowers is there, and the same
sweet breezes are blowing from the kadamba forest. In our intimate relationship,
I am also the same lover, yet my mind is not happy here. I am eager to
go back to that place on the bank of the Reva under the Vetasi tree. That
is my desire.
In the Padyavali, Srila Rupa Gosvami has elucidated the
previous sloka in the following words:
priyah so 'yam krsnah sahacari kuru-ksetra-militas
tathaham sa radha tad idam ubhayoh sangama-sukham
tathapy antah-khelan-madhura-murali-pancama-juse
mano me kalindi-pulina-vipinaya sprhayati (10)
My dear friend, now I have met My very old and dear friend
Krsna on this field of Kuruksetra. I am the same Radharani, and now We
are meeting together. It is very pleasant, but I would still like to go
to the bank of the Yamuna beneath the trees of the forest. I wish to hear
the vibration of His sweet flute playing the fifth note within that forest
of Vrndavana.
There are no pastimes equal to the pastimes performed
in Vrndavana. These pastimes are unknown in other abodes beginning with
Vaikuntha. In Vraja these pastimes have two divisions known as vicheda
(separation) and sambhoga (meeting). Always enjoy these two transcendental
mellows, as they are supremely blissful. The various pastimes performed
during the meeting of Radha and Krsna are described in the Ujjvala-nilamani
as follows:
te tu sandarsanam jalpah sparsanam vartma rodhanam
rasa-vrndavana-krida-yamunady-ambu-kelayah
nau-khela-lilaya-cauryam-ghatta-kunjadi-linata
madhu-panam vadhu-vesa-dhrtih kapata suptata
dyuta-krida-patakrstis-cambaslesau-nakharpanam
bimbadhara-sudhapanam-samprayogadayo matah (11)
When Radha and Krsna meet the following sports usually
occur:
1) Sandarsana (looking at each other), 2) Jalpa (talks
and making false arguments between each other),
3) Sparsa (touching each other), 4)Vartma-nirodhana (obstructing
the path),
5) Rasa-lila, (rasa dance), 6)Vrndavana-krida (sporting
in the forests of Vrndavana),
7) Yamuna-khelana (sporting in the water of the Yamuna),
8) Nauka-khela (sporting in a boat),9) Lila-chaurya (stealing
the flute, clothes, flowers, etc.),
10)Dana-ghata-lila (pastime of charging tax at the ghata),
11) Kunjadi-linata (hiding in groves), 12) Madhupana
(drinking honey),
13) Vadhu-vesa-dharana (dressing like a newly wed girl),
14) Kapata-nidra (pretending to sleep), 15) Dyuta-krida
(playing chess),
16) Vastrakarsana (snatching each other's cloth), 17)
Cumba (kissing), 18) Aslesa (embracing),
19) Nakharpana (scratching), 20) Bimbadhara-sudhapana
(relishing the nectar of each other's lips)
21) Samprayoga (conjugal meeting). These are the different
types of pastimes when Radha and Krsna meet.
Decorating Radha-Krsna is described in the Stavavali,
Seva-sankalpa-prakasa-stotra (9):
sphuran-mukta gunja mani sumanasam hara-racane
mudendor lekha me racayatu tatha siksana-vidhim
yatha taih samkanthaptair dayita-sarasi madhya-sadane
sphutam radha krsnavayam api jano bhusayati tau (12)
May Indulekha, who is my guru, instruct me in the art
of making beautiful garlands of pearls, jewels, gunja and different flowers,
so that I can charmingly decorate Sri Sri Radha and Krsna within the jeweled
mandira in the middle of Radha-kunda.
In the mood of separation, the Gopi-gita should be read.
The gopis declare therein, Srimad Bhagavatam (10.31.9), that one who distributes
the nectar of krsna-katha is the most munificent person.
tava kathamrtam tapta-jivanam kavibhir iditam kalmasapaham
sravana-mangalam srimad atatam bhuvi grnanti ye bhuri-da
janah (13)
The nectar of Your words and the descriptions of Your
activities are the life and soul of those suffering in this material world.
These narrations, transmitted by learned sages, eradicate one's sinful
reactions and bestow good fortune upon whoever hears them. These narrations
are broadcast all over the world and are filled with spiritual power. Certainly
those who spread the messages of Godhead are most munificent.
One is introduced to the gopis' deep affection for Krsna
by hearing of the great sorrow they experience while thinking of Krsna
wandering throughout the forests of Vraja. They express their sorrow in
the Srimad Bhagavatam (10.31.11):
calasi yad vrajac carayan pasun nalina-sundaram natha
te padam
sila-trnankuraih sidatiti nah kalilatam manah kanta gacchati
(14)
Dear master, dear lover, when You leave the cowherd village
to herd the cows, our minds are disturbed with the thought that Your feet,
more beautiful than a lotus, will be pricked by the spiked husks of grain
and the rough grass and plants.
Without seeing Krsna's beautiful face, decorated with
curly hair, a moment appears like a hundred yugas for the gopis. This is
expressed by the gopi's in the Srimad Bhagavatam (10.31.15):
atati yad bhavan ahni kananam truti yugayate tvam apasyatam
kutila-kuntalam sri-mukham ca te jada udiksatam paksma-krd
drsam (15)
When You go off to the forest during the day, a tiny
fraction of a second becomes like a millennium for us because we cannot
see You. And even when we can eagerly look upon Your beautiful face, so
lovely with its adornment of curly locks, our pleasure is hindered by our
eyelids, which were fashioned by the foolish creator.
The topmost position of gopi-bhava is meant only for Krsna's
pleasure. An example of the gopi's bhava is given in the Srimad Bhagavatam
(10.31.19):
yat te sujata-caranamburuham stanesu
bhitah sanaih priya dadhimahi karkasesu
tenatavim atasi tad vyathate na kim svit
kurpadibhir bhramati dhir bhavad-ayusam nah (16)
O dearly beloved! Your lotus feet are so soft that we
place them gently on our hard breasts, fearing that Your feet will be hurt.
Our life rests only in You. Our minds, therefore, are filled with anxiety
that Your tender feet might be wounded by pebbles as You roam about on
the forest path.
An emotional outburst in sambhoga is described in the
Krsna-karnamrta (12):
nikhila-bhuvana-laksmi-nitya-lilaspadabhyam
kamala-vipina-vithi-garvankusabhyam
pranamadabhaya-dana-praudhi-gadhadrtabhyam
kim api vahatu cetah krsna padambujabhyam (17)
Let my heart attain indescribable pleasure from the lotus
feet of Krsna, which are the abode of the most sweet ever-sportive pastimes
of Srimati Radharani, who is the goddess of fortune of all transcendental
planets. His lotus feet defeat the pride of clusters of lotus flowers and
they are highly esteemed due to their providing safety for the Lord's devotees.
Again in the Krsna-karnamrta (18) it is said:
tarunaruna karunamaya vipulayata nayanam
kamalakuca-kalasibhara-vipuli-krta pulakam
muralirava-tarali-krta-muni-manasa nalinam
mama khelatu mada-cetasi madhuradharam amrtam (18)
May the nectar of Krsna's sweet lips intoxicate my heart
by sporting within. His wide youthful eyes, reddish like the rising sun,
are full of compassion seeing the fatigued condition of His beloved Srimati
Radharani. Out of happiness, His hair is standing on end from the touch
of the pitcherlike breasts of Kamala (Radharani). The sound of His flute
is melting the hearts of the sages, which thus become soft like the lotus
flower, and the already lotus-soft hearts of the gopis who have undertaken
a vow of silence due to anger or shyness are further softened.
The Ujjvala-nilamani describes in the following words
the various services performed within the mind of one situated in his eternal
form:
mithah prema-gunotkirttis tayor asakti-karita
abhisara-dvayor eva sakhyah krsne samarpanam
narmmasvasana-nepathyam hrdayodghata-patavam
chidra-samvrtir etasyah patyadeh parivancana
siksa-sangamanam kale sevanam vyajanadibhih
tayor dvayor upalambhah sandesa-presanam tatha
nayika prana samraksa prayatnadyah sakhi-kriyah (19)
In the conjugal pastimes of Krsna, Krsna is the hero
(nayaka), and Radhika is the heroine (nayika). The first service of the
gopis is to chant the glories of both the hero and the heroine. Their second
service is to gradually create a situation in which the hero may be attracted
to the heroine and vice versa. Their third service is to induce both of
Them to approach one another. Their fourth service is to offer Radharani
to Krsna, the fifth is to create a jovial atmosphere, the sixth to give
Them assurance of Their meeting, the seventh to dress and decorate both
hero and heroine, the eighth to cleverly inspire Radha and Krsna to express
Their minds, the ninth to conceal the faults of the heroine, the tenth
to cheat their respective husbands and relatives, the eleventh to give
instruction, the twelfth to enable both hero and heroine to meet at the
proper time, the thirteenth to fan both hero and heroine, the fourteenth
to sometimes reproach the hero and heroine, the fifteenth to send messages,
and the sixteenth to protect the heroine by various means.
In Stavavali, Vraja-vilasa-stava (38) it is said:
tambularpana-pada-mardana-payo-danabhisaradibhir
vrndaranya-mahesvarim priyataya yas tosayanti priyah
prana-prestha-sakhi-kulad api kilasankocita bhumikah
keli-bhumisu rupa-manjari-mukhas ta dasikah samsraye
(20)
By offering Them betel nuts, massaging Their feet, bringing
Them water, arranging Their secret meetings, and by performing many other
services, many maidservants affectionately please Radharani, the supreme
controller of the Vrndavana forest. When the Divine Couple enjoy Their
conjugal pastimes, these maidservants are not at all shy and they move
freely without hesitation, even more than the prana-prestha-sakhis (such
as Lalita and Visakha). I take shelter of those maidservants, who have
Rupa-manjari as their leader.
Pride in one's service is found in these words of the
Gosvamis:
navyam divyam kavyam svakrtam atulam nataka-kulam
praheligudharthah sakhi-rucira vina-dhvani gatih
kada snehollasair lalita-lalita-prerana balat
salajjam gandharva sara-sama-sakrc-chiksayati mam (21)
When will Srimati Radharani, at the request of Lalita,
teach me in delighted affection and modesty the incomparable dramas She
has composed, along with new poems with deep meanings and charming ragas
for the vina.
Acceptance of Visakha-sakhi, whose voice defeats the singing
of the cuckoo, as a guru for learning the art of music is given in the
Stavavali, Prarthana:
kuhukanthi-kanthad api kamala-kanthi mayi punar
visakha ganasyapi ca rucira-siksam pranayatu
yathaham tenaitat yuva-yugalam ullasya saganal
labhe rase tasman mani-padaka haran iha muhuh (22)
I pray that Visakhadevi, whose voice is more enchanting
than the cuckoos, may teach me the art of singing sweetly. By singing during
the rasa dance songs learnt from her, I may please the youthful Divine
Couple with Their associates. I will thus receive gifts such as Their jeweled
lockets and necklaces.
The ecstasy of rasa-lila is described in the Gita-govinda.
Sri Krsna along with the damsels of Vrndavana always enjoy the pastime
of rasa dance.
visvesam anuranjanena janayannanandam-indivara-
sreni syamala-komalair upanayann angair anangotsavam
svacchandam vraja-sundaribhir abhitah pratyangam alingitah
srngarah sakhi murttiman iva madhau mugdho harih kridati
(23)
My dear friends, just see how Sri Krsna is enjoying the
season of spring! With the gopis embracing each of His limbs, He is like
Cupid personified. He enlivens the gopis and the entire creation with His
transcendental pastimes. With His soft bluish-black limbs, which resemble
blue lotus flowers, He has created a spring festival for Cupid. In the
sweet land of Vrndavana, during the season of Vasanta, the bumble bees
become mad and they come in a line to obtain nectar from the beautiful
flowers. The most sweet king of transcendental rasa, Sri Krsna, enjoys
the rasa dance with the sweetest nectarean sports along with the sweet
gopis, who are expert at dancing. The sweet sounds of the karatalas and
other instruments are heard as Krsna sweetly engages in dancing with the
gopis. Vidyapati has come to know this sweet song which is full of mellows.
The happiness of seeing Krsna is described in the Jagannatha-vallabha-nataka.
The gopis therein express their great appreciation for meeting Krsna after
separation from Him.
yada yato daivan madhu-ripur asau locana-patham
tadasmakam ceto madana-hatakenahrtam abhut
punar yasminn esa ksanam api drsor eti padavim
vidhasyamas tasminn akhila-ghatika ratna-khacitah (24)
If by chance the transcendental form of Krsna comes before
my path of vision, my heart, injured from being beaten, will be stolen
away by Cupid, happiness personified. Because I could not see the beautiful
form of Krsna to my heart's content, when I again see His form I shall
decorate the phases of time with many jewels.
An introduction to ratri-lila (night pastime) is given
in Govinda-lilamrta:
tav utkau labdha-sangau bahu-paricaranair vrndayaradhyamanau
presthalibhir lasantau vipina-viharanair gana-rasadilasyaih
nana-lila-nitantau pranaya-sahacari vrnda-samsevyamanau
radha-krsnau nisayam sukusuma-sayane prapta-nidrau smarami
(25)
I remember Radha and Krsna, who at night are anxious
for each other's company. After They meet, Vrndadevi serves Them in various
ways as They roam throughout the forest. Radha and Krsna appear very charming
with Their sakhis as They sing and dance in Their rasa pastimes. Becoming
fatigued from Their sportive activities, They are served by Their many
loving friends (manjaris). As the night ends, They lie on a bed of flowers
where They sleep. The sakhis drown in an ocean of ecstasy as they observe
these pastimes. O mind, remember and worship with a desire to enter into
this pastime of Radha and Krsna's sleeping.
One gradually attains perfection by always remembering the treasure of these eight-fold daily pastimes while engaged in devotional service. That sadhaka who attains the stage of svarupa-siddhi while practicing gopi-bhava relishes these asta-kala pastimes while residing in Vraja manifested in the material world. After achieving Krsna's mercy, when he leaves his material body, such a devotee attains the service of Radha and Krsna as Their associate within Vraja of the spiritual world.
In that state there is no perception of the gross or subtle material bodies. By chanting the Hare Krsna maha-mantra in this state of eternal liberation, one easily achieves complete ecstatic love. O brother, the holy name never loses potency either at the stage of practice or perfection. Therefore, chant the holy name and consider it your sole objective. Don't consider any other means of sadhana.
Thus ends the Astama-yama Sadhana of the Sri Bhajana-rahasya.